原子吸收火焰发射光谱法测定矿泉水中锂离子的不确定度评定研究

运用原子吸收火焰发射光谱法对矿泉水中锂离子含量进行测定,并做回收率实验,对整个测量过程的不确定度来源进行了分析,并按照国际通用方法对不确定度各个分量进行了评定和合成,得到原子吸收火焰发射法测定矿泉水中锂离子的不确定度评定。结果表明:原子吸收法火焰发射测定矿泉水中锂离子的不确定度的主要来源是回收率测定和标准溶液配制。采用本方法测定的矿泉水中的锂离子的扩展不确定度为0.69μg/L     

成都市大气PM2.5中有机磷阻燃剂的污染水平及来源

应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪定量分析成都市大气PM2.5中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(OPEs)的质量浓度水平,讨论了其分布特征,并采用后向气流轨迹模型及相关性分析探析PM2.5中OPEs的来源.结果表明,成都市市区采样点大气PM2.5中Σ7OPEs年平均质量浓度为6.46 ng·m-3,郊区采样点为9.38 ng·m-3.受郊区废旧物质拆解产业和常年主导风向的影响,郊区采样点大气PM2.5中OPEs的质量浓度高于市区采样点(P=0.013).大气混合程度影响郊区和市区OPEs的分布,外源污染对成都市OPEs贡献小,OPEs质量浓度高低可能主要受采样点周围局地源的影响.     

蒙脱石-OR-SH复合体材料对土壤镉的钝化及机制

通过吸附解吸实验、盆栽实验及材料的表征测试分析,探讨了蒙脱石-OR-SH复合体对土壤中Cd的钝化效果和机制.结果表明,蒙脱石改性后对镉的饱和吸附容量明显提高;蒙脱石-OR-SH复合体对Cd2+的吸附很稳定,不易解吸;在原土、Cd 3mg·kg-1和Cd 10 mg·kg-1污染土上,添加蒙脱石-OR-SH复合体能够不同程度地提高作物产量,小白菜Cd含量分别比对照降低61.00%、62.10%和83.73%.表征测试显示,Cd成功地吸附到了复合体上,并与巯基发生了配位反应,复合体表面的絮状物增多.蒙脱石-OR-SH复合体与镉的反应机制除了静电吸附、离子交换吸附和羟基配位吸附外,主要存在巯基配位吸附.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定城市污泥锌的不确定度评定及研究

根据（JJF1059—1999）,建立了原子吸收法测定污泥泥质中锌不确定度数学模型,分析了测试过程中不确定度的来源,并对各不确定度分量进行评定及合成,并计算得出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。本次测量的合成相对不确定度值为0．022,其中由消化样浓度引起的相对合成不确定度为0．021;最大的不确定度分量是标准曲线拟合的不确定度,分量值为0．0134,其次是样品消化重复测定的不确定度,分量值为0．011。本次测定结果为（644．6±28．4）mg／kg;k=2（置信水平95％）     

气相色谱氮磷检测器法测定饮用水中19种苯胺类化合物

建立了气相色谱氮磷检测器法(GC-NPD)测定饮用水中19种苯胺类化合物。结果表明,19种苯胺类化合物的方法检出限在0.06⁰.45μg/L之间,其线性定量范围均为0.050.45μg/L之间,其线性定量范围均为0.05¹0.0 mg/L,相关系数(R)在0.995 110.0 mg/L,相关系数(R)在0.995 1⁰.999 8之间;方法平均加标回收率在70.7%0.999 8之间;方法平均加标回收率在70.7%¹08.2%之间,RSD(n=6)为2.9%108.2%之间,RSD(n=6)为2.9%¹8.5%。该法灵敏度高,快速准确,用于实际水样测定的结果令人满意。     

Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals perturbs lipid metabolism and circadian rhythms

A growing body of evidence indicates that exposure to environmental chemicals can contribute to the etiology of obesity by inappropriately stimulating adipogenesis as well as perturbing lipid metabolism and energy balance. One potential mechanism by which chemical exposure can influence lipid metabolism is through disturbance of circadian rhythms, endogenously-driven cycles of roughly 24hr in length that coordinate biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes in all organisms. Here we show for the first time that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including the pesticide tributyltin, two commercial flame retardants, and a UV-filter chemical found in sunscreens, can perturb both circadian clocks and lipid metabolism in vertebrates. Exposure of developing zebrafish to EDCs affects core clock activity and leads to a remarkable increase in lipid accumulation that is reminiscent of the effects observed for longdaysin, a known disruptor of circadian rhythms. Our data reveal a novel obesogenic mechanism of action for environmental chemicals, an observation which warrants further research. Because circadian clocks regulate a wide variety of physiological processes, identification of environmental chemicals capable of perturbing these systems may provide important insights into the development of environmentally-induced metabolic disease.     

Photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutant under visible light by green route synthesized gold nanoparticles

We report a rapid method of green chemistry approach for synthesis of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)using Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf extract(LSE). L. speciosa plant extract is known for its effective treatment of diabetes and kidney related problems. The green synthesis of Au NPs was complete within 30 min at 25°C. The same could also be achieved within 2 min at a higher reaction temperature(80°C). Both UV–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy results suggest that the morphology and size distribution of Au NPs are dependent on the pH of gold solution,gold concentration,volume of LSE,and reaction time and temperature. Comparison between Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)spectra of LSE and the synthesized Au NPs indicate an active role of polyphenolic functional groups(from gallotannins,lagerstroemin,and corosolic acid)in the green synthesis and capping of Au NPs. The green route synthesized Au NPs show strong photocatalytic activity in the reduction of dyes viz.,methylene blue,methyl orange,bromophenol blue and bromocresol green,and 4-nitrophenol under visible light in the presence of Na BH_4. The non-toxic and cost effective LSE mediated Au NPs synthesis proposed in this study is extremely rapid compared to the other reported methods that require hours to days for complete synthesis of Au NPs using various plant extracts. Strong and stable photocatalytic behavior makes Au NPs attractive in environmental applications,particularly in the reduction of organic pollutants in wastewater.     

生活垃圾处理机中复合微生物降解厨余垃圾的机理研究

为探究复合微生物降解厨余垃圾的机理,通过采用复合微生物降解各类厨余垃圾的降解温度、代谢气体成分以及对残余代谢物中的氮及磷含量的分析,得出复合微生物降解生活垃圾的温度在高温期稳定在48~52℃,有利于杀灭垃圾中的病原菌;微生物降解过程中排放的气体主要成分为CH_4、CO_2、H_2S、NH_3等,是垃圾减量化的主要原因之一;降解产物中富含氮和磷速效成分,可作为肥料使用。     

复合释氧剂的制备及其对水体修复的作用

采用腐殖酸钠、过氧化钙和沸石为原材料,在一定条件下制备复合释氧剂用于黑臭水体的生态修复。研究结果表明,复合释氧剂最佳制备条件为m(CaO_2)∶m(沸石)为1∶1、Na-A质量分数为2%和固化温度为100℃,复合释氧剂可显著延长释氧周期,且释氧过程对水体pH和COD的影响极低;底泥修复实验结果显示,复合释氧剂投加量为560 g/m~2时,上覆水溶解氧和氧化还原电位在第30天时分别维持在1.32 mg/L及42 m V,水中TP和COD去除率可分别达到90.11%和63%,表明复合释氧剂可有效改善水质并抑制底泥磷释放,这对城镇黑臭水体的生态修复治理具有一定的实际意义。     

SCR脱硝技术在天然气浮法玻璃窑炉上的应用

分析了天然气浮法玻璃窑炉烟气、飞灰的特性,通过合理布置浮法玻璃窑炉的烟气除尘、脱硝工艺,引进高效、先进的SCR脱硝技术,合理选用催化剂,达到《平板玻璃工业污染物排放标准》（GB26453-2011）环保要求。