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631.
根据环氧丙烷废水的特点,应用电化学法处理具有较高的可行性。运用电化学法处理PO废水前必须进行废水预处理,用以提高电流效率和延长极板寿命。采用曝气和化学絮凝结合的方法去除PO废水中的Ca2+,同时去除部分COD。对曝气、无机絮凝剂(PACl、PFS)和有机絮凝剂(PAM)对PO废水处理过程中的曝气量、曝气时间、投药量、复配和沉降时间等主要影响因子进行了实验研究,通过比较Ca2+、COD的去除效果、絮凝剂用量、沉降时间、处理成本等方面,在设定的实验参数下得到最佳预处理方案为:曝气量为2.5L/min,曝气45min,投加Na2CO3粉末24kg/t废水,充分混匀后加入PFS+PAM复配絮凝剂。本方案具有废水处理效果好(Ca2+的去除率为77.03%,COD的去除率为37.46%)、投药量少((100+7.5)g/t废水)、沉降时间短(5min)、处理成本低(0.675元/t废水)等优点。通过对比经预处理和不经预处理后电化学法对COD去除效果、电流和处理后阴极表面,验证了预处理方案的必要性与可行性。 相似文献
632.
Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty-fruit bunches: Application to environmental problems 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Md. Zahangir ALAM Suleyman A. MUYIBI Mariatul F. MANSOR Radziah WAHID 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(1):103-108
Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) were investigated to find the suitability of its application for removal of phenol in aqueous solution through adsorption process, Two types of activation namely; thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800℃and physical activation at 150℃ (boiling treatment) were used for the production of the activated carbons. A control (untreated EFB) was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced from these processes. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived at the temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity in the aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon at 800℃. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values of pH (2-3) and higher value of initial concentration of phenol (200-300 mg/L). The equilibrium data fitted better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm compared to the Langmuir. Kinetic studies of phenol adsorption onto activated carbons were also studied to evaluate the adsorption rate. The estimated cost for production of activated carbon from EFB was shown in lower price (USD 0.50/kg of activated carbon) compared the activated carbon from other sources and processes. 相似文献
633.
A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several (halo)aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no (chloro)catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway. 相似文献
634.
The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids(HAAs),a calss of disinfection by-products formed as a result of chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and were found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L respectively, and the other three are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid is the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively. 相似文献
635.
In this study we investigated the enrichment ability of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and established a new method for the determination of trace cadmium in environment with flame atomic absorption spectrometry.The MWCNTs were oxidized by potassium permanganate under appropriate conditions before use as preconcentration packing.Parameters influencing the recoveries of target analytes were optimized.Under optimal conditions,the target analyte exhibited a good linearity (R~2=0.9992) over the concentration range 0.5-50 ng/ml.The detection limit and precision of the proposed method were 0.15 ng/ml and 2.06%, respectively.The proposed method was applied to the determination of cadmium in real-world environmental samples and the recoveries were in the range of 91.3%-108.0%.All these experimental results indicated that this new procedure could be applied to the determination of trace cadmium in environmental waters. 相似文献
636.
采用草酸-FeCl_3复合淋洗剂对土壤中严重超标的Pb和Zn进行振荡淋洗试验,并研究了淋洗剂浓度、液土比、淋洗时间、淋洗次数等因素对重金属去除效率的影响,采用BCR形态分级法分析淋洗前后重金属形态的变化。结果表明,淋洗剂对土壤中Pb、Zn的去除效果从大到小依次为草酸-FeCl_3复合、FeCl_3、草酸。草酸-FeCl_3复合淋洗剂的最适淋洗条件为草酸浓度0.1 mol/L,FeCl_3浓度0.4 mol/L;淋洗时间8 h;液土比20 m L∶1 g;淋洗1次,Pb去除率达到85.71%,Zn去除率达到78.49%。草酸-FeCl_3复合淋洗剂对土壤中酸溶态、可还原态和可氧化态的Pb和Zn均具有较好的去除效果,有效去除了土壤中生物活性高的Pb和Zn,降低了其环境风险。 相似文献
637.
试验研究一种新型的复合材料对废水脱氮的能力,该种材料主要是由分子筛和几种有机和无机材料通过一定的条件合成,以达到节约成本提高利用率的作用。采用溶胶一凝胶法制备分子筛/SiO2复合材料,采用纳试试剂光度法为检测方法,考察了分子筛/SiO2在静态条件下对水中氨氮的吸附性能。通过几组对比试验,如分子筛单体脱氮的实验,分子筛/SiO2复合材料和二氧化硅单体脱氮的实验,实验中测定了时间、pH值、投加量等因素对脱氮除磷的影响,得出最佳吸附条件。结果表明,pH在4~7时对氨氮有较好的吸附性能,吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,产生了复合效应。 相似文献
638.
639.
利用白腐菌Ganoderma lucidum wz-32发酵制备的漆酶对印染工业常用的复合染料酸性黑ATT进行催化脱色.在单因子试验的基础上,通过正交优化试验确定酸性黑ATT的最佳脱色条件为:温度50℃,染料浓度0.1 g·L-1,酶量9 U·mL-1,pH 5.0,最适条件下酸性黑ATT的脱色率达87.35%.同时研究了金属离子、酶抑制剂、脱色助剂对酸性黑ATT脱色的影响,结果表明,Co2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Ca2+、I-对脱色有抑制作用,10mmol·L-1的浓度使脱色率降低了50%以上;Na+、Cu2+在低浓度时对脱色有一定的促进作用;SDS显著抑制漆酶的催化脱色作用,浓度为10mmol·L-1时脱色率降低了68%;HBT是高效的脱色助剂,可显著提高漆酶的脱色效率. 相似文献
640.