Fast flame speeds and rates of pressure rise in the initial period of gas explosions in large L/D cylindrical enclosures

Flame speeds and rates of pressure rise for gaseous explosions in a 76 mm diameter closed cylindrical vessel of large length to diameter ratio (L/D = 21.6), were quantitatively investigated. Methane, propane, ethylene and hydrogen mixtures with air were studied across their respective flammability ranges. Ignition was affected at one end of the vessel. Very fast flame speeds corresponding to high rates of pressure rise were measured in the initial 5–10% of the total explosion time. During this period 20–35% of the maximum explosion pressure was produced, and over half of the flame propagation distance was completed. Previous work has concentrated on the later stages of this type of explosion; the development of tulip flames, pressure wave effects and transition to turbulence. The initial fast phase is very important and should dominate considerations in pressure relief vent design for vessels of large L/D.     

安全土地填埋技术在我国的应用

沈阳市固体废物处置中心对工业危险废物采用了安全土地填埋技术 ,它的主要特点是安全、工艺简单、可操作性强。能够杜绝危险废物渗析液下渗污染地下水 ,同时又避免了危险废物污染环境卫生。本文主要以沈阳工业危险废物处置填埋场为例 ,介绍安全土地填埋的技术要求、设计要点等     

Using fugacity to predict volatile emissions from layered materials with a clay/polymer diffusion barrier

Structural insulated panels (SIPs) have significant environmental and energy advantages. However, the tight structure that results may cause degraded indoor air quality and the potential release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from these layered materials must be considered. A physically based model for predicting VOC emissions from multi-layer materials is described. Fugacity is used to eliminate the concentration discontinuities at the interface between layers. This avoids an obstacle associated with numerically simulating mass transfer in composite materials. The numerical model is verified for a double-layer system by comparing predicted concentrations to those obtained with a previously published analytical model. In addition, hexanal emissions from multi-layer SIPs are simulated to demonstrate the usefulness of the fugacity approach. Finally, the multi-layer model is used to investigate the impact that clay/polyurethane nanocomposite diffusion barriers can have on VOC emissions. Indoor gas-phase concentrations can be greatly reduced with a barrier layer on the surface, thereby minimizing the environmental impact of SIPs.     

餐饮业油烟气排放量的重量法监测

通过试验提出了一种监测餐饮业油烟气的方法，方法首次以单位体积油烟气中总有机物的质量来表示油烟气在空气中的浓度。通过试验选择了最佳监测条件；以石油醚作吸收剂，用ＫＢ－６Ａ型或ＴＭＰ－１５００型空气采样器，控制流量在０．４Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，采集油烟气，并在４０℃时挥发掉吸收剂，经称量得到监测结果，该法所需仪器和试剂简单，并在实际监测中得到了预期的结果。     

污水厂污泥堆肥及制作化肥技术研究与应用

利用污水处理厂脱水后的污泥，经粉煤灰水分调节后进人动态堆肥装置，好氧发酵成为性状良好的腐殖颗粒，然后经过一定工艺制成一种有机-无机复合化肥，其N、P、K含量达到25％，有机质含量大于30％，含水量小于10％，pH值6～8。将化肥用在农田的水稻种植，水稻的亩产量增产11．4％，各项指标均符合国家标准。     

厨房油烟湿式迷宫分离净化设备的实验研究

利用油烟的特点,在水雾水膜式油烟净化基础上建立迷宫分离油烟装置.从降低能耗和提高油烟捕集效率的角度出发,利用统计学方法建立数学模型,按照正交设计布置试验,进行因素方差分析,应用SPSS、MATLAB软件进行正交设计数据处理,实现产品的结构优化.结果表明,湿式迷宫分离段的最优结构布置方式为:分离装置空腔直径为15 mm、宽度50 mm及表面波纹角度90°,并采用插板式滤油水箱治理含油废水,减少二次污染.本装置在传统油烟分离技术的基础上,结合离心分离、冷凝凝并、液体吸收净化、碱性除油等作用,提高了复合油烟净化设备的净化效率,减少油烟雾中的过水量,其最佳油烟气净化效率可达到96.91%.     

纳米RuO2－TiO2光电催化处理农药废水研究

采用自制的负载型纳米RuO₂－TiO₂光催化剂对农药厂生产废水进行光电催化降解试验。考察了煅烧时间、催化剂用量、光辐照强度、电流密度、废水初始pH值和反应时间对废水COD和色度去除率的影响。结果表明，自制光催化剂光电催化性能显著，最佳光电催化活性是同样降解条件下、同样含量的Degussa P－25 TiO₂的1.38倍，是Ru_0.3Ti_0.7O₂的1.81倍。其COD和色度去除率分别为64.3%和95.2%。     

2,4-二硝基甲苯与共存化合物对发光菌的联合毒性

对2,4-二硝基甲苯与共存化合物对发光菌联合毒性的测定结果表明:2,4-二硝基甲苯与邻二硝基苯共存时,对发光菌的联合毒性为协同作用:分别与三种苯的氨基衍生物共存时.联合毒性为拮抗作用,这种拮抗作用与取代基数目、空间位阻等因素有关     

流动注射在线萃取—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定人发中微量镉和铅

本文建立了一个流动注射在线萃取－火焰原子吸收测定人发中微量镉和铅的方法，对含Ｃｄ和Ｐｂ分别为０．０２μｇ／ｍｌ和０．２０μｇ／ｍｌ的溶液，其相对标准偏差分别为３．４％和３．８％（ｎ＝９），Ｃｄ和Ｐｂ的灵敏度分别提高２１倍和２３倍，分析速度达３６次／ｈ，Ｃｄ和Ｐｂ的回收率分别在８７．３％－９７．０％和９１．９％－１０７．３％之间，文中还详细研究了各种实验参数的选择，测定人发样的结果与文献值相符。     

有机化合物正辛醇／水分配系数的测定

本文介绍用摇瓶法，产生柱法格反相液相色谱测定有机化合物正辛醇／水分配系数的测定方法，同时给出了某些化合物分配系数的实验值。