Plant volatiles are behavioral cues for adult females of the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus

Summary. The purpose of this study was to identify plant volatiles that provide host location cues for adult females of the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus Gillette (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Larvae of this species inhabit flowering stems of the prairie perennial Silphium laciniatum L. (Asteraceae). Adult females responded to volatile compounds emitted by stems of S. laciniatum in field olfactometer bioassays. Plant volatiles were monoterpenes, including, in descending order of abundance, racemic - and -pinene (~50% + enantiomer for both), (+)-limonene, (–)-camphene, and -myrcene. In laboratory bioassays, females responded to aeration extracts of plant stems, the full blend of synthetic monoterpenes, and the four-component blend of -pinene, -pinene, (+)-limonene, and (–)-camphene. This monoterpene blend apparently serves as an olfactory cue for host plant location for female A. rufus and is the first such cue to be reported for a cynipid gall wasp. Species-specific ratios of plant monoterpenes may provide cues for gall wasp females to distinguish between plant species and choose appropriate hosts for oviposition. The olfactometer and bioassay techniques developed for this research may be useful for field bioassays of other types of minute arthropods.     

几种物质对萘乙二胺光度法测定苯胺的干扰

实验发现,亚硝酸盐、重氮化合物、2 萘胺 1 磺酸对苯胺有很强的干扰。亚硝酸盐的干扰可以通过加过量的氨基磺酸铵去除;蒸馏是去除重氮化合物、2 萘胺 1 磺酸干扰的有效方法。     

园林生物质中离子液体-复合菌剂共降解体系的筛选与构建

园林生物质的绿色高效降解是实现生态系统物质循环的重要环节,离子液体-生物酶作为环境友好型降解体系备受关注.通过合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（[Bmim]）和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑（[Emim]）型离子液体衍生物,比较了温和条件下各离子液体对园林生物质的溶解再生性.结合复合微生物菌剂开展酶解试验,通过考察酶解率、纤维素酶活力、降解失重率和木质素含量变化等,筛选并构建最优降解体系组合.结果表明,两种离子液体的盐取代物对园林生物质有着较好的溶解再生性,当质量分数为70%~80%时,[Emim]型离子液体-复合菌剂体系的酶解率和酶活力最高.在降解末期,[Emim]Ac_75%和[Emim]FeCl_4·75%体系的降解失重率分别为46.9%和52.6%,均为阳性对照组的1.6倍,同时木质素含量分别减少41.7%和47.2%.[Emim]FeCl_4·75%-复合菌剂体系对园林生物质有着更为显著的降解效应.     

电子拆解区家禽中溴代阻燃剂的污染特征

对某电子废物拆解区散养草鸡进行了12种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)的污染水平分析.结果显示,草鸡中PBDEs和DBDPE主要通过土壤途径摄入,各个组织中PBDEs均被检出,肾脏中PBDEs含量最高(2071 ng·g~(-1),以脂重计),肝脏中PBDEs平均含量(550ng·g~(-1),以脂重计)远高于肌肉组织(131 ng·g~(-1)(腿肉)和76 ng·g~(-1)(胸肉),以脂重计),DBDPE主要在肾脏和卵组织中检出.同时,本文对电子拆解区居民通过食用草鸡摄入溴代阻燃剂(BFRs)的健康风险进行了初步评价.结果显示,尽管拆解区居民通过食用草鸡暴露PBDEs和DBDPE的风险处于可接受水平,但综合饮用水、大气呼吸和灰尘摄入等其他暴露途径,BFRs健康风险仍不容忽视.     

回形障碍物影响火焰的实验和数值研究

在充满甲烷-空气预混气的方形燃烧管内，对火焰穿过回形障碍物的情形进行了实验研究，拍摄到了障碍物附近流场的时序阴影照片。基于k—ε湍流模型和EBU燃烧模型的同位网格SIMPLE算法，进行了三维数值模拟，绘制了火焰阵面三维视图。根据实验结果和数值计算结果，详细讨论了火焰进入到出离障碍物这一过程中，回流区、剪切层、湍流以及火焰形状等的变化特征。     

Window-of-Opportunity for In Situ Burning

This paper is a summary of the fundamentals that influence the window-of-opportunity for in situ burning of oil at sea. It is a discussion of the variables and factors that influence the capabilities and limitations of in situ burning of oil. This includes the requirements for ignition and sustained burning and the factors that influence the quantity of residue and burn efficiency and the use of emulsion breakers.     

灭火介质作用下火焰温度波动的时频分布

利用时频分析方法对在灭火介质作用下的火焰温度波动进行了分析。获得了火焰点燃到被扑灭整个过程的时频分布谱图，由此得到温度波动频率随时间的变化情况。这种频率变化从一个方面反映了火焰的稳定性的变化。     

防静电、防射频阻隔材料的研制

介绍了研制引信，火工品等多功能软包装材料的重要意义和总体方案设计，讨论了实现的静电、防射频和防潮等功能的设计思想，进行了试验验证并测试了样品的主要性能参数，讨论了该技术方案的可行性和应用前景。     

石化企业内浮顶罐挥发性有机物排放量核算与影响因素分析

以某石化企业内浮顶罐为实例,根据AP-42公式,从浮顶罐结构、油品性质、周转量及环境因素4个方面对内浮顶储罐的VOCs排放进行研究。计算结果表明：浮盘缝隙损耗和挂壁损耗是内浮顶储罐VOCs排放的主要来源;浮盘构造、周转量、罐壁锈蚀程度及边缘密封形式是内浮顶罐VOCs损耗的主要影响因素;罐漆颜色、储罐直径、油品种类及储液温度为次要影响因素;固定顶支撑柱数量、环境湿度及环境风速对储罐挥发损耗的影响较小。针对分析结果,提出降低储罐VOCs挥发损耗的措施。     

Performance of biotrickling filters packed with structured or cubic polyurethane sponges for VOC removal

Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters (BTFs), BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times (EBCTs) and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges, respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/(m3 hr), toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1 and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140 g/(m3 hr) at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively, when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3–7 days after biomass was removed and wasted from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively.