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771.
Ian Buist 《Spill Science & Technology Bulletin》2003,8(4):341-346
This paper is a summary of the fundamentals that influence the window-of-opportunity for in situ burning of oil at sea. It is a discussion of the variables and factors that influence the capabilities and limitations of in situ burning of oil. This includes the requirements for ignition and sustained burning and the factors that influence the quantity of residue and burn efficiency and the use of emulsion breakers. 相似文献
772.
有机改性蒙脱土对萘的吸附机制和影响因子 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国场地土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染或PAHs-重金属复合污染是常见的污染类型,对公众健康与环境构成巨大威胁.本研究利用耗散型石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)技术和批量吸附实验,探究实验室制备的2种有机改性黏土对萘的吸附机制,以及萘与Cu2+共存时黏土颗粒吸附情况.结果表明,25℃时,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性蒙脱土(CTAB-SMF)的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型(R2>0.92,n>1),说明其对萘的吸附位点具有多样性,在较高萘平衡浓度(ce=1 mmol ·L-1)下吸附分配系数Kd为SMF的13.4倍;3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性蒙脱土(TMSP-SMF)的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型(R2>0.96),在较高萘平衡浓度(ce=1 mmol ·L-1)下吸附分配系数Kd为SMF的1.14倍.说明2种有机改性黏土对萘的吸附效果优于SMF颗粒.3种黏土颗粒对萘的吸附焓在-30~-10 kJ ·mol-1之间,均为自发物理吸附.溶液离子强度升高抑制了SMF吸附萘,但对改性黏土吸附萘无显著影响.萘平衡浓度较低(ce=0.1 mmol ·L-1)时,Cu2+的存在使TMSP-SMF对萘的吸附效果增加了3倍;同时萘能促进2种改性黏土对Cu2+的吸附.本研究通过原位在线QCM-D检测了黏土对萘的吸附机制,结果与批量吸附实验结果一致:CTAB-SMF对萘的吸附位点主要为黏土层间的改性剂基团,TMSP-SMF则位于黏土颗粒表面的改性剂基团.本项研究结果显示,QCM-D技术是一种有效的原位在线表征黏土膜吸附有机污染物的方法,2种有机改性的黏土颗粒可作为应用于PAHs或PAHs-重金属复合污染场地的修复材料. 相似文献
773.
Voltammetric response of ferroceneboronic acid to diol and phenolic
compounds as possible pollutants
Shigehiro Takahashi Naoyuki Abiko Nobuhiro Haraguchi Hiroyuki Fujit Eriko Seki Tetsuya Ono Kentaro Yoshi Jun-ichi Anzai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):1027-1032
A voltammetric determination of possible organic pollutants such as diol and phenolic compounds in water was studied using
ferroceneboronic acid (FBA) as a redox-active marker. A cyclic voltammogram of FBA exhibited a pair of oxidation and reduction
peaks at 230 and 170 mV at pH 7.0, respectively, while another pair of redox peaks was observed in the presence of diol or phenolic
compounds tested. The results were rationalized based on the formation of boronate esters of FBA with the added compounds. The
changes in the redox peak currents were dependent on the concentration of the additives, suggesting a usefulness of FBA in the
electrochemical determination of these compounds in water. 相似文献
774.
Chunping Yang Guanlong Yu Guangming Zeng Haining Yang Fayuan Chen Congying Jin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1325-1333
Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters (BTFs), BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed
contact times (EBCTs) and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges,
respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/(m3 hr), toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1
and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140
g/(m3 hr) at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for
BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading
was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively,
when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3–7 days after biomass was removed and wasted
from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other
operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results
demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively. 相似文献
775.
776.
填埋场大气中化合物分析与恶臭指示物筛选 总被引:16,自引:8,他引:8
填埋场恶臭已成为城市周边的重要污染源,在前期研究确定了填埋场内主要恶臭污染点基础上,为了进一步分析恶臭污染扩散过程的化学物质组成并寻找特异指示性化合物,利用GC-MS方法分析了填埋场作业面下风向不同扩散距离的大气恶臭污染物质谱,并对各监测点的物质谱的相似性进行比较. 结果表明,以单环芳烃、烷烃和卤代烃类为代表的19种物质为填埋场大气中的共有化合物;通过对各监测点样品物质谱的相似性分析,发现下风向化合物组成受填埋作业面化合物组成的明显影响,并确定以间二甲苯作为填埋场恶臭污染的标志化合物. 相似文献
777.
778.
以胃蛋白酶(蛋白质)、谷胱甘肽(氨基酸多肽)、葡萄糖(糖类)作为模型物质代表藻来源有机物,并以Fluka腐殖酸为对照,研究其耗氯量、三卤甲烷(主要是氯仿)、卤乙酸(主要是二氯乙酸(DCAA)、三氯乙酸(TCAA))的形成情况.结果显示4种模型物质在氯化后,其余氯在前2 h迅速降低,6 h后则下降速度渐缓;其中耗氯量最大的是谷胱甘肽(96 h:7.1 mg·mg-1(以每毫克碳计,下同)),其次是胃蛋白酶(96 h:4.2 mg·mg-1)、腐殖酸(96 h:3.0 mg·mg-1),而葡萄糖最小(96 h:0.7 mg·mg-1).4种模型物质氯仿、DCAA、TCAA的生成速度也是在起初的2 h较快,随后渐缓;但从单位碳的产量来看,腐殖酸和胃蛋白酶形成氯仿(96h: 15.1~55.2 μg·mg-1(以每毫克碳计,下同))、DCAA(96 h: 15.1~55.2 μg·mg-1)、TCAA(96h: 15.1~55.2 μg·mg-1)均较多,而谷胱甘肽、葡萄糖则相对较少(氯仿-96 h:2.5~5.1 μg·mg-1;DCAA-96 h:0.6~8.0 μg·mg-1;TCAA-96 h:0.12~3.8 μg·mg-1);而从前驱物特性来说,氯仿、TCAA的前驱物具有较高的芳香度(即高的SUV254值),而DCAA前驱物的SUV254相对较低.对于富含蛋白质、多肽、糖类等的富营养化饮用水源,则要格外注意饮用水中DCAA所带来的健康风险. 相似文献
779.
堆肥反应器中2种微生物接种剂的堆肥效果研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在严格控制堆肥条件的情况下,以鸡粪为堆肥基本原料,选用单一微生物巨大芽孢杆菌和复合微生物VT菌为接种剂,通过研究堆肥过程中的温度、氧气浓度、C/N、WSC(水溶性碳)、发芽指数(GI)以及脱氢酶和纤维素酶的活性动态变化来反映这2种微生物接种剂对堆肥效果的影响.结果表明,接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理在堆肥升温和保持高温效果明显,接种微生物菌剂的2个处理的堆体内氧气浓度都较CK低,其中最低的为接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理.接种微生物菌剂,C/N下降速度快,WSC浓度相对高,GI值上升速度明显加快,有利于加快堆肥腐熟进程,其中接种复合微生物菌剂VT的效果较单一微生物菌剂巨大芽孢杆菌好.接种微生物菌剂有利于堆肥升温期脱氢酶和纤维素酶活性增加,促进堆肥的氧化还原反应和纤维素的分解,且接种复合微生物VT的效果明显. 相似文献
780.
This study reports the presence of brominated flame retardants in the topsoil in and around Harbin, a city in northeastern China.
Samples of soil were collected from 17 locations in 2006, and the levels of 9 polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs 17, 28, 47, 66, 99,
100, 153, 154, and 183) ranged from 2.45 to 55.9 pg/g dry weight (dw) with a mean of 26.3 pg/g dw. These levels are very low comparing
with those for some cities in Europe and USA. BDE 209 and hexabromocyclododecane were the two dominant congeners, with mean
concentrations of 520 pg/g dw and 1750 pg/g dw, respectively. The concentrations of the total nine PBDE congeners clearly decreased
from urban areas to background, but the compositions of individual congeners di ered. Proportions of heavier congeners decreased
while those of lighter congeners increased, along urban-rural-background transect, providing evidence for an urban fractionation e ect.
Correlation analysis indicated similar sources for PBDEs, hexabromocyclododecane, and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane from
urban areas but pentabromoethylbenzene was probably present due to long-range atmospheric transport. Principal component analysis
was used to determine the characteristics of the relationships among these brominated flame retardants in the field. 相似文献