水环境两相分层流数值模拟

以研究水环境两相分层流精细预报模型为目标,广泛地涉及了两相湍流精细模拟的理论和方法。用Eulerian坐标系中多流体模型统一描述两相各自的运动,并分别对两相本分的湍流输运观作以及地相间互作规律进计模拟,建立了水环境两相分层流的双流体模型对包含有浮力和密度分层的两相湍流进行了数值模拟,计算结正确地反映了分层及紊动特征,与实测结果吻合较好     

紊流作用下泥沙释放磷的试验及数值模拟

为研究水体紊动对泥沙释放污染物的影响,引入近似均匀紊流模拟装置,开展不同强度紊动作用下泥沙运动释放磷动态过程及基本规律的试验,研究表明:紊动扩散作用对泥沙解吸释放磷有着十分重要的影响,紊动较弱时,泥沙尚未起动,床面泥沙颗粒吸附的磷元素解吸至孔隙水中,在垂向紊动扩散作用下输送至上覆水中,将使得上覆水中溶解态磷浓度增大;紊动作用较强时,泥沙逐渐悬扬至水体中,悬浮泥沙颗粒吸附的磷元素直接解吸至上覆水中,泥沙浓度越高,溶解态磷含量增长速率越大,达到平衡的时间越短.通过耦合紊流模型、水流泥沙数学模型、污染物对流扩散模型和Langmuir吸附动力学方程建立了紊动作用下泥沙释放磷的垂向一维数学模型,针对试验条件进行数值模拟,模拟结果与试验数据吻合较好,平均相对误差低于10%,可为模拟天然水体中泥沙悬浮释放磷的时空演化提供参考.     

Numerical simulation of a combined oxidation ditch flow using 3D k-εturbulence model

The standard three dimensional（3D） k-ε turbulence model was applied to simulate the flow field of a small scale combined oxidation ditch. The moving mesh approach was used to model the rotor of the ditch. Comparison of the computed and the measured data is acceptable. A vertical reverse flow zone in the ditch was found, and it played a very important role in the ditch flow behavior. The flow pattern in the ditch is discussed in detail, and approaches are suggested to improve the hydrodynamic performance in the ditch.     

梯形巷道平均风速分布特征的数值与实验研究

为实现矿井巷道内风量的准确监测,基于3D数值模型,对梯形截面巷道内平均风速的分布规律进行了数值分析,并通过实验研究对模拟结果进行对比验证,同时在不同断面尺寸及不同通风风速条件下,数值分析了梯形巷道内紊流充分发展截面上平均风速点的分布特征。结果表明:平均风速分布呈现环状连续分布,数值结果与实验结果符合良好;梯形截面上平均风速点的分布与通风风速无关,仅与巷道截面特征和参数有关;得到了梯形截面平均风速分布曲线在巷道顶部的特征方程。     

湍流环形通道热泳脱除可吸入颗粒物技术研究

湍流中PM2．5粒子的热泳沉积是国际上研究热门课题。但目前单纯热泳沉积效率也不过20％左右。依据热泳基本原理，设计了一种新型湍流方环形双壁冷却式通道。计算表明，该类型通道比一般单管通道有着较高的可吸入颗粒物脱除效率。同时，利用湍流的沉积效率，加上热泳沉积效率。可以达到较高的总泳沉积效率。通过结构设计，可以提高可吸入颗粒物的脱除效率，是值得进一步探索的新路子。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

基于ZJU400土工离心机的CFD模拟方法

目的给出可靠的CFD模拟方法,用于土工离心机风阻功率估算,得到流场及温度场模拟结果。方法针对ZJU400中高速大型土工离心机,利用结构化网格划分使转臂及内壁面处的y+值<30,使其满足湍流模型边界层厚度要求。利用k-omega SST湍流模型和MRF多参考系方法对ZJU400土工离心机进行数值模拟,对模拟所得风阻功率、流场和温度场进行对比验证。结果模拟所得风阻功率与ZJU400实测数据偏差<10%,模拟所得流场与文献[8]中的结果吻合,温度场与实测数据吻合。结论针对ZJU400中高速大型土工离心机的CFD模拟方法取得了精度较高的模拟结果,通过仿真模拟弥补了大型土工离心机实验数据缺乏问题,减少了对实验数据的依赖,为制造设计和研究大型土工离心机提供了CFD模拟方法。     

缺磷及高光照条件下紊动对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

通过试制隔栅搅拌模拟紊动装置,设置格栅转动频率为0,500,1000,1500Hz（对应紊流能量耗散率范围0～8.93×10^-3m²/s³）,研究高光照与缺P的不利环境条件下紊动对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.结果发现,在高光照（8000lx）下,微囊藻生长明显受到抑制,静止条件下藻浓度仅为正常光照的47.7%,但紊动可一定程度上减缓高光环境的影响,其中高光照下1000Hz组藻浓度最高,相对静止提高了1.8倍.高光照试验组的叶绿素a含量是正常光照条件1.52~1.78倍,因此高光照并未促进藻细胞的生长分裂,而叶绿素a的大量累积可能是铜绿微囊藻应对高光照不利条件作出的抵御反应.在缺P条件下,藻生物量仅为正常营养条件1/6~1/4,但随紊动强度增加,藻生物量略有增加,而叶绿素较初始浓度增加明显,其中1000Hz组生长情况最好.水体紊动可缓解高光照、缺P等恶劣环境条件对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制,叶绿素a的累积可能是藻细胞对不利环境条件的响应.     

Turbulent Ventilation of a Street Canyon

A selection of turbulence data corresponding to 185 days of field measurements has been analysed. The non-ideal building geometry influenced the circulation patterns in the street canyon and the largest average vertical velocities were observed in the wake of an unbroken line of buildings. The standard deviation of vertical velocity fluctuations normalised by the ambient wind speed was relatively insensitive to ambient wind direction and sensor position, and it was usually larger than the corresponding 1-hour average velocity. Cross-correlations of spatially separated velocity measurements were small, and this suggests that most of the velocity fluctuations were fairly local and not caused by unsteady street vortices. The observed velocities scaled with the ambient wind speed except under low-wind conditions.     

The Effect of Large-Scale Turbulent Structures on a Simple 2-D Canyon-Type Flow

This paper is concerned with a preliminary experimental investigation of the interaction between large turbulent structures, generated in the wake of a circular cylinder, and the rough-wall turbulent boundary layer separated flow immediately downstream of a simple street canyon type geometry represented by backward-facing step. The motivation for the work was to provide some initial data for the validation of a 3-D k- turbulence model used for the prediction of flows and pollutant dispersion within the urban canopy. The aim has been to assess the extent of the perturbation of a simulated street canyon caused by regular large-scale eddies generated upstream. The research has involved the use of thermal anemometry to determine mean velocity and turbulence characteristics both upstream and downstream of the step, together with the mean reacttachment length for the recirculating flow. The results indicate that the presence of the cylinder in the flow reduces the reattachment length. In addition, the periodic structures generated in the cylinder wake are rapidly mixed with the turbulence in the step shear layer such that no periodicity is detected at the reattachment zone.