A HYBRID COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PREDICTING THE CHEMICAL QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS1

ABSTRACT. A hybrid computer program was developed to predict the water and salt outflow from a river basin in which irrigation is the major user of water. The model combines a chemical model which predicts the quality of water percolated through a soil profile with a general hydrologic model. The chemical model considers the reactions that occur in the soil, including the exchange of calcium, magnesium, and sodium cations on the soil complex, and the dissolution and precipitation of gypsum and lime. The chemical composition of the outflow is a function of these chemical processes within the soil, plus the blending of undiverted inflows, evaporation, transpiration, and the mixing of sub surface return flows with groundwater. The six common ions of western waters, namely calcium (Ca⁺⁺), magnesium (Mg⁺⁺), sodium (Na⁺), sulfate (SO₄⁼), chloride (Cl^?), and bicarbonate (HCO₃^?) were considered in the study. Total dissolved solids (TDS) outflow was obtained by adding the individual ions. The overall model operates on a monthly time unit. The model was tested on a portion of the Little Bear River basin in northern Utah. The model successfully simulated measured outflows of water and each of the six ions for a 24-month period. The usefulness of the model was demonstrated by a management study of the prototype system. For example, preliminary results indicated that the available water supply could be used to irrigate additional land without unduly increasing the salt outflow from the basin. With minor adjustments the model can be applied to other hydrologic areas.     

Information presentation compatibility in a simple digital control panel design: eye-tracking study

Various designs of typical digital control panels were analyzed experimentally from both the effectiveness and efficiency points of view. Subjects performed information comparison tasks aimed at keeping vehicle velocity at the same level. The experiment involved two versions of speedometers for displaying current and target velocities (clock-face and digital). The stimuli were also differentiated by the target velocity value (20, 50 and 80?km/h) and the correct response type (increase or decrease). Subjects’ performance results along with the eye-tracking data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for all 24 experimental conditions.     

嵌入式技术在重大危险源监控预警中的应用

通过对重大危险源监控预警系统的功能需求分析,并结合嵌入式技术的特点,提出基于嵌入式系统的监控预警主机的设计方案。所设计的集过程监控预警与视频监控为一体的的监控预警主机,具有实际应用价值。     

Numerical technique for estimating equilibrium concentrations from initial concentrations when using the freundlich adsorption equation

Abstract

The Freundlich equation, X/m = K C_e ^N, is frequently used to express the partitioning of pesticides between solid (soil, sediment) and aqueous phases. When designing adsorption‐desorption experiments, it would be useful to be able to estimate the equilibrium concentration, C_e, in terms of the initial concentration, C_o, if reasonable estimates of K and N can be made. Because of the usual non‐integer nature of N, only a numerical solution of the Freundlich equation is possible for C_e in terms of C_o. A simple computer program is presented which produces almost an exact solution for the value of C_e.     

生物视觉的研究

生物视觉是目前科学技术研究的热点之一。笔者通过对生物视觉形态学方面的深入研究 ,探讨了生物视觉产生、发展的结构与机制 ,尤其研讨了视觉通路的解剖结构、感受野分层等级假设、视觉信息的并行处理性质及视觉皮层间的反馈和整合作用等。同时还介绍了当前生物视觉方面的研究进展     

基于知识图谱的建筑安全领域计算机视觉研究综述

建筑业作为高风险行业,建筑安全一直是行业关注的焦点。近年来,计算机视觉技术的快速发展为建筑工程安全管理提供了可能性。为全面、系统、客观地反映建筑安全领域计算机视觉技术的研究成果及其不足,运用知识图谱分析工具VOSviewer对来自WOS数据库核心合集上的166篇相关研究文献进行了可视化定量分析并辅以定性分析,分析了计算机视觉技术在建筑安全领域的研究现状与发展趋势。结果表明:计算机视觉技术在建筑安全领域应用的研究文献发表数量呈现上升趋势,并在近五年表现突出;该领域的作者研究合作群体分布分散,彼此缺乏合作;该领域的研究主题大致分为三个方向,即设备的识别与跟踪、工人不安全行为的识别以及计算机视觉及其发展;该领域未来的研究方向可能会尝试将计算机视觉技术与多种数字技术和深度学习技术相结合、增强个人防护设备检测的及时性,同时整体场景信息的获取以及综合安全监控系统设计相关技术的开发运用值得期待。     

计算机仿真事故响应中的班组绩效影响因子研究

在核电站应急事件的工况下,用计算机仿真的人的班组行为模型(IDAC模型)可以预计主控室操作班组人员(决策者、操作者和咨询者组成)的失误概率,为了量化事件过程中人的认知心理活动发生的机理,采用绩效影响因子(PIF)计算班组人员发生失误的概率。讨论PIF的定义、分类以及量化值的确定,描述人的认知心理活动的失误机理与PIF的关系,预计班组失误亊件发生的概率。对50个PIFs中的一些重要因子进行描述,每组中的PIF都是独立于其他组的,但是不同组中的PIF可能存在从属关系。试图基于心理学观察以及各种人的可靠性分析方法的影响路径,合理有效地选择PIF,以实现动态概率风险评价中的人误事件发生概率的量化。     

船-桥避碰监测预警系统研究

为提高桥区船舶航行安全,提出一种基于智能视频处理技术的船-桥避碰监测预警系统。该系统实时采集桥区场景视频,利用视频处理技术自动检测运动船舶目标,基于视觉几何模型进行船舶空间定位,提取船舶运动态势参数,并结合船舶航行操纵知识和相关模型,进行船-桥碰撞风险预测,输出避碰操纵命令。大量仿真及现场试验结果表明,该系统能检测出航行异常船舶并输出避碰操纵命令,达到主动避碰的目的。     

铀在小鼠体内的分布及其影响因素的初步探讨

通过尾静脉注射给药方式研究UO22＋在小鼠体内的分布,通过建立包含主要体液的金属离子、小分子配体及UO22＋及其配合物的热力学函数的热力学平衡模型,采用数值模拟方法研究UO22＋在体液中的形态.研究表明,给药后铀的重要沉积部位为骨骼、肾脏和肝脾脏,主要通过小鼠肾脏排泄.肝脾脏器中铀的浓度随时间变化有两个峰值.血液中铀的...     

Impact Resistance of Materials for Guards on Cutting Machine Tools—Requirements in Future European Safety Standards

Guards on machine tools are meant to protect operators from injuries caused by tools, workpieces, and fragments hurled out of the machine’s working zone. This article presents the impact resistance requirements, which guards according to European safety standards for machine tools must satisfy. Based upon these standards the impact resistance of different guard materials was determined using cylindrical steel projectiles. Polycarbonate proves to be a suitable material for vision panels because of its high energy absorption capacity. The impact resistance of 8-mm thick polycarbonate is roughly equal to that of a 3-mm thick steel sheet Fe P01. The limited ageing stability, however, makes it necessary to protect poycarbonate against cooling lubricants by means of additional panes on both sides.