Detection of DDT and its metabolites in two estuaries of South China using a SPME-based device: First report of p,p′-DDMU in water column

A solid-phase microextration-based sampling method was employed to determine the concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene (DDE) and 1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene (DDMU), in two estuarine bays, Daya Bay and Hailing Bay, of South China. Six DDT components including p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDE, and p,p′-DDMU were detected in Hailing Bay, while only p,p′-DDD was found in Daya Bay. p,p′-DDD was the most abundant DDT component in both bays, sharply different from the previous finding in the water column of the Palos Verdes Shelf, California, USA that p,p′-DDE was prevalent. In addition, the occurrence of p,p′-DDMU (with a range of 0.047-0.21 ng/L in Hailing Bay) has not been reported around the globe, and its presence in our study region appeared to stem from dehydrochlorination of p,p′-DDD, favored under aerobic conditions, but further investigations are clearly needed to confirm the mechanism for generation of DDMU in estuarine environments.     

Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution using activated tea waste: Adsorption on a fixed-bed column

An inexpensive and effective adsorbent was developed from waste tea leaves for the dynamic uptake of Pb(II). Characterization of the adsorbents showed a clear change between physico-chemical properties of activated tea waste and simply tea waste. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of activated tea waste in continuous flow removal of Pb(II) ions from synthetic aqueous effluents. The performance of the system was evaluated to assess the effect of various process variables, viz., of bed height, hydraulic loading rate and initial feed concentration on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity. The shape of the breakthrough curves was determined for the adsorption of Pb(II) by varying different operating parameters like hydraulic loading rate (2.3–9.17 m³/h m²), bed height (0.3–0.5 m) and feed concentration (2–10 mg/l). An attempt has also been made to model the data generated from column studies using the empirical relationship based on the Bohart–Adams model. There was an acceptable degree of agreement between the data for breakthrough time calculated from the Bohart–Adams model and the present experimental study with average absolute deviation of less than 5.0%. The activated tea waste in this study showed very good promise as compared with the other adsorbents available in the literature. The adsorbent could be suitable for repeated use (for more than four cycles) without noticeable loss of capacity.     

废钢铁切割加工烟尘的治理

介绍了氧-乙炔火焰切割加工废钢铁产生的烟尘治理系统的设计和系统设备选型,重点介绍了烟尘捕集罩的设计和除尘器、电磁脉冲阀、风机的选型和PLC自动控制以及系统实际运行效果,为废钢铁加工企业治理污染提供一套简单、经济、实用的除尘系统作参考.     

钢铁企业工作场所煤气泄漏扩散规律的研究

以钢铁企业管网煤气泄漏为研究对象,以煤气泄漏扩散规律为研究主题,在确定煤气泄漏相似于浮力射流的基础上,建立煤气泄漏扩散的数学模型。采用CFD软件PHOENICS数值模拟气体泄漏过程的速度场及其浓度分布。在已有煤气泄漏检测系统的基础上,选择性实验模拟煤气泄漏浓度与扩散时间、扩散方向的变化。数值模拟和实验模拟表明,虽然两种方法所得结果存在一定差异,从定性分析角度而言,却能够反映工作场所煤气泄漏后在有限空间内运移扩散的一般规律。     

河北省钢铁工业主要大气污染物减排潜力分析

通过对河北省钢铁工业存在问题的分析,得出我省钢铁行业主要大气污染物为二氧化硫和粉尘.结合我省钢铁企业的实际情况,从工程技术、政策管理等方面提出相应治理措施,并对"十一五"期间我省钢铁行业二氧化硫和粉尘减排效益进行预测.预测结果显示:采用所建议的减排措施后,我省钢铁工业二氧化硫减排量对全省"十一五"减排计划的贡献率为81.4%;粉尘可减排60%.     

锌精炼铅塔燃烧系统烟气温度模糊控制研究

针对锌精馏铅塔动态过程中的非线性、非最小相位特征、不稳定性、时滞和负荷干扰,基于模糊控制策略下给出了锌精馏铅塔燃烧系统新的控制方法.运用模糊控制系统对锌精馏铅塔的烟气温度进行仿真研究和实时控制结果表明,该研究所设计的模糊控制器能够克服许多干扰因素,产生了良好的控制效果.     

氨基化有机-无机杂化整体柱分离富集环境水中五价砷

将四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AEAPTES)作为共聚前体,采用在毛细管内原位聚合的方式制备得到氨基功能化的有机-无机杂化整体柱,将其作为针式固相微萃取(SPME)介质,建立了现场分离富集环境水中As(V)的SPME方法,优化了有机-无机杂化整体柱富集As(V)的实验条件,并研究了整体柱对As(V)的吸附/洗脱性能和富集能力,实现了环境水样中As(V)的高效、快速、高选择性检测。     

江苏省不锈钢产业集聚区土壤重金属污染评价与分析

随着不锈钢产业的发展,其生产加工过程中产生的含重金属的废水、废气及固体废弃物对周围土壤及地表水环境的影响也日益显现。选择江苏省不锈钢产业集聚区内溱东镇土壤为研究对象,对区域内63个采样点进行分析,发现区域内土壤中Cr、Zn、Cd、Pb质量分数平均值均未超过国家土壤环境质量标准的二级标准要求,重金属污染程度由大到小的顺序为:CdNiCrMnZnPb,并且通过SPSS13.0统计软件对分析数据进行相关性分析,数据表明,土壤中重金属Cr、Fe、Cd、Ni、Mn来自不锈钢产业的可能性较大。     

回火焊道焊接技术在焦炭塔修复中的应用

为了避免耗时长、费用高的焊后热处理或整体更换筒节,针对铬钼钢焦炭塔内壁环焊缝的裂纹和锥段内壁腐蚀缺陷,提出采用回火焊道焊接技术对内壁缺陷部位进行修复。结果表明,严格按照经评定合格的焊接工艺进行施焊,回火焊道焊接技术可以利用层道间的焊接热循环作用达到焊后热处理的效果,使焊接修复后铬钼钢焦炭塔的母材和复合层的冶金和力学性能满足要求。     

钢铁企业大型低位料仓汽车卸料的粉尘控制

某钢企大型低位料仓为汽车卸料,料仓厂房内空高,跨度大,料仓上部贯通,物料落差大,卸料中产生大量粉尘,环境污染问题典型突出。通过对低位料仓汽车卸料产尘特性分析,采取加强生产管理、组织汽车有序卸料、料仓厂房有效密闭、合理设计捕尘方式和布袋除尘系统等措施,能够有效地控制粉尘污染。除尘系统具有投资及运行费用少,除尘效果明显的优点。