刚度等效在地坑过滤器滞留篮抗震分析中的应用

目的对地坑过滤器滞留篮的过滤板进行刚度等效计算。方法应用能量法和各向异性法对地坑过滤器滞留篮的过滤板进行等效刚度计算。结果基于变形能相等的能量法得到的频率远大于地震反应谱的截止频率,该方法适用于滞留篮模型的工程要求。基于各向异性法得到的主频率与实际模型主频率相差14%,该方法同样适用于滞留篮的工程要求。结论2种方法均可满足工程要求,各向异性方法更接近实际模型。最终采用基于能量法的模型和各项异性刚度等效过滤板都取得了较好的效果。     

气密性高等级生物安全实验室的负压控制

提出漏风量换气次数的概念,并以此作为评价气流控制阀是否适用于生物安全实验室压差控制的指标;提出引入附加漏风量的气密性生物安全实验室压差控制策略。进行对比实验,研究实验室在无人为漏风量与引入人为漏风量这两种情况下启动、微扰动、关门等工况下实验室的压差波动情况,其结果显示在引入人为漏风量情况下实验间压差波动范围减小、稳定速度加快。从而说明引入附加漏风量的压差控制策略在气密性生物安全实验室的压差控制方面具有重要的实际应用价值。     

危化品泄漏围堵材料理化性能及燃烧行为研究

针对易燃液体泄漏围堵问题,开发了1种可快速发泡的酚醛泡沫材料,对其表观密度、耐水性、耐酸性、耐碱性、氧指数、燃烧行为及产烟成分进行系统研究。研究结果表明:发泡材料在中性和酸性液体环境中表现出良好的耐受性;在碱性环境中稳定性降低,由于共轭效应,导致分子中的H+遇碱性环境发生中和反应;发泡材料的氧指数和锥形量热测试参数（热释放速率、总热释放量及总生烟量等）表明该材料具有良好的耐火性;发泡原料中的含硫交联剂是其燃烧产烟生成较高浓度SO2的主要原因。     

乙二醇流淌火燃烧特性及围堵性能研究

为研究乙二醇流淌火燃烧蔓延特性,利用自行设计的流淌火试验平台,开展了乙二醇流淌火实体试验,研究了试验过程中火焰温度、前锋移动、火焰高度等典型参数变化规律。同时,为实现流淌火的有效蔓延控制,开发酚醛泡沫材料模拟乙二醇流淌火围堵处置,评价其围堵效能。结果表明:乙二醇流淌火燃烧速度缓慢,火焰温度低于池火温度;酚醛泡沫材料对可燃液体流淌火展现出较好耐火、阻隔作用,对液体危化品的泄漏围堵具有积极实践意义。     

Class-2 hazmat transportation consequence assessment on surrounding population

The transportation of hazardous materials by road is an utmost necessity of the world for the societal benefits, but at the same time the activity is inherently dangerous. Incidents involving hazardous material (hazmat) cargo particularly the class-2 materials can lead to severe consequences in terms of fatalities, injuries, evacuation, property damage and environmental degradation. The rationale behind considering class-2 hazmats is that they pose the greatest danger to the people and property along the transport route because of their storage condition on the transport vessel. They are stored either in pressurized vessels or in cryogenic containers. Any external impact due to collision may cause catastrophic failure of transport vessels, known as BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) with devastating consequences. Further, any continuous release from containment may cause what is known as ‘Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion’ (UVCE). Historically frequency of BLEVE occurrence is of the order of 1 × 10⁻⁶ per year or less, but other release scenarios e.g. a large vapour or liquid leaks are more probable and could also have devastating effects on the surrounding population. As such, the paper discussed various event scenarios and the consequences taking examples of a class-2.1 material (1,3 butadiene) and another class-2.3 (ammonia) hazmat. Comparative analysis suggests that per ton basis a rupture of ammonia tanker gives rise to larger impact areas and poses larger lethality risks compared to 1,3 butadiene as far as toxic effects are concerned. Besides, from fireball fatality on similar basis propylene causes higher consequence distance than LPG followed by ethylene oxide and 1,3 butadiene. The impact zone study results may be utilized as inputs for identifying the potential vulnerable area on a GIS enabled map, along a designated State highway route passing through an important industrial corridor in western India.     

深圳市分流制排水系统研究

完全的理想分流制排水体系事实上并不存在,深圳市原来按分流制规划和建设的雨水系统现在实际上已变成了混流制合流系统,即既有分流制,也有合流制,这是与城市发展的不同时期相联系的。城市中由于各区域自然条件及建设情况的不同,因地制宜地在各区域采用不同的排水体制是合理的。     

关于抗爆与泄爆设计方法的研究

文章就抗爆与泄爆设计的各个方面做了介绍。     

冲击爆炸作用对核电站安全壳毁伤效应研究的进展

核电站破坏后放射性燃料泄露带来的灾难性后果,使得核电站特别是核反应堆成为军事打击和恐怖袭击的重要目标之一.本文分析总结了核反应堆安全壳因弹体和飞机的冲(撞)击爆炸导致受损所涉及的关键科学问题的国内外研究进展,指出核安全壳体防护效能的研究重点主要在于:弹体“侵彻(贯穿)+爆炸”作用对双层钢筋混凝土和内衬钢板复合核安全壳结...     

Performance and dilemmas of urban containment strategies in the transformation context of Beijing

The implementation of urban containment policies is increasingly attracting attention in environment management. Rapid urban growth and the coexistence of decentralisation and marketisation challenge containment strategies that are implemented to control urban sprawl. This challenge is likely to be greater in a transformation country than in developed countries. This paper evaluates the performance of containment strategies in Beijing. The analysis shows that, to a large extent, containment strategies perform well; however, the decreased compactness of the fringes of the inter-suburban areas, caused by dispersed and illegal development, suggest that municipal containment strategies are being challenged by new trends towards local autonomy. Two similar dilemmas to those faced by developed countries are confronting those involved in the implementation of containment strategies in the current transformation process in Beijing: first, the municipal environmental goal might not be achieved by all local jurisdictions when local economic motivations are involved; and second, macro-scale containment policies are unlikely to control an urban sprawl fuelled by the growing power of market forces.     

Route evaluation for hazmat transportation based on total risk - A case of Indian State Highways

Risk-based hazmat transportation route evaluation involves risk calculations taking into consideration the probability of collision related accident occurrence and detailed consequence analysis of various event scenarios. Probabilistic hazmat transportation risk assessment mainly depends on three important factors i.e. accident rate, Average Daily Traffic and population density besides route length which has a definite bearing on it. An effort has been made to estimate the route segment specific (location-specific) accident rate instead of aggregate National or State average values in order to bring specificity into the issue of decision making to avoid routes with higher accident rates. Instead of using default accident rate for different highway types developed with the US data, which are not well-comparable when used in Indian situations; the author used site-specific truck accident data. Subsequently, Loss of Containment (LOC) probabilities and spillage probabilities for different route segments have been computed and compared. Finally, route segment-wise total risk is estimated which is a convenient measure of the average number of persons likely to be exposed from all the possible consequence event scenarios resulting from releases of different hazmats being transported along the studied routes. The present study highlights the route evaluation carried out based on total risk computation, without going through detailed event based consequence analysis on two State Highway routes and one major urban road passing through important industrial corridors of Surat District in western India, to enable routing decisions by local authorities and also for planning emergency mitigation purposes.