桥式起重机典型事故分析及安全管理

分析了桥式起重机典型事故发生机理,运用事故树分析法对桥式起重机事故发生进行了分析,从而为能够找出安全隐患,制定出最优的控制措施提供了理论上的依据.最后根据分析结果,系统地提出了控制危害,降低事故发生率的安全管理措施,提出一些具有可行性的建议.     

Point Sampling Digital Imagery with ‘Samplepoint’

Measuring percent occurrence of objects from digital images can save time and expense relative to conventional field measurements. However, the accuracy of image analysis had, until now, not reached the level of the best conventional field measurements. Additionally, most image-analysis software programs require advanced user training to successfully analyze images. Here we present a new software program, ‘SamplePoint,’ that provides the user a single-pixel sample point and the ability to view and identify the pixel context. We found SamplePoint to allow accuracy comparable with the most accurate field-methods for ground-cover measurements. Expert use of the program requires minimal training and its ease of use allows rapid measurements from image data. We recommend SamplePoint for calibrating the threshold-detection level of image-analysis software or for making direct measurements of percent occurrence from digital images.     

剩余污泥减量化工艺条件优化研究

运用超声处理连续流活性污泥系统中不同种类的污泥,并将其回流至原系统中,研究其剩余污泥减量化效果。按正交实验设计并进行试验,确定最优工艺条件。结果表明:当声能密度为0.6 W/mL,作用时间为5 min,超声污泥为混合污泥,回流比为7∶120时,减量效果最佳。且在该条件下经一周期的运行,污泥减量效果达到96.24%,COD由进水的830 mg/L降至44 mg/L,NH4+-N和TN分别由进水的62.43 mg/L和103.19 mg/L,降解到2.31 mg/L和6.52 mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级排放标准。     

接种微生物与人粪便同步连续投加对好氧堆肥效果的影响简

利用新型梨形筒式好氧堆肥反应器,在通风量为3.0 L/min,搅拌频率为5 min/h的条件下,就不接种微生物、接种土著菌种、枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母菌时人粪便连续投加好氧堆肥效果进行了对比。堆制20 d即2个运行周期中各堆体的温度、含水率、COD、总氮、pH值与GI等的变化表明,接种微生物可以显著提高堆体的升温速率与堆体平均温度、COD降解率、GI（P<0.01）,堆肥可迅速达到完全腐熟。接种土著菌种效果最为明显（P<0.01）,其后相继为枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母菌。接种土著菌种可使堆体温度在50℃以上维持18 d,第8天COD降解率达到61.17%、总氮损失率为25.75%,第6天时GI达到108.22%。     

Effects of compression ratio,swirl augmentation techniques and ethanol addition on the combustion of CNG–biodiesel in a dual-fuel engine

The diminishing resources and continuously increasing cost of petroleum in association with their alarming pollution levels from diesel engines has led to an interest in finding alternative fuels to diesel. Emission control and engine efficiency are two of the most important parameters in current engine design. The impending introduction of emission standards such as Euro IV and Euro V has forced research towards developing new technologies for combating engine emissions. This paper examines the effects of compression ratio, swirl augmentation techniques and ethanol addition on the combustion of compressed natural gas (CNG) blended with Honge oil methyl esters (HOME) in a dual fuel engine. The present results show that the combustion of HOME and 15% ethanol blend with CNG induction in a dual-fuel engine operated in optimized parameters at an injection timing of 27° Before Top Dead Centre and a compression ratio of 17.5 resulted in acceptable combustion emissions and improved brake thermal efficiencies. The implementation of swirl augmentation techniques increased brake thermal efficiencies (BTEs) and considerably reduced combustion emissions such as smoke, HC, CO and NO_x. The addition of ethanol also increased BTEs. However, at more than 15% of ethanol in HOME, NO_x emissions increased dramatically.     

钢框架厂房火灾后的破坏形态

端部约束不同的构件在火灾中的破坏形态不同,研究整体结构构件在火灾中的破坏形态,可以为钢结构抗火研究与设计提供依据。某钢结构框架厂房发生火灾,大火历时3个多小时,火场最高温度达1000°C以上。火灾后,框架梁均有不同程度的破坏,钢梁端部下翼缘屈曲破坏较普遍;由于钢梁顶没有设置抗剪键,钢梁与顶部的混凝土现浇楼板脱开,火灾后残留有较大的挠屈变形;钢柱在火灾后未有明显的破坏现象,但有侧向变形产生。这些现象与实验室中标准试验的结果不同。     

大空间单跨门式刚架结构抗火性能影响因素的客观权重研究

火灾时的大空间单跨门式刚架结构抗火性能,受钢构件温升和结构整体抗火临界温度的影响.本文通过对无保护大空间建筑钢构件温升数据的统计分析,获得包含火源功率、建筑体积、钢构件截面形状系数的钢构件温升拟合公式;结合单跨门式刚架结构整体抗火临界温度数据的统计分析,获得包含荷载比、柱高和系数K的结构整体抗火临界温度拟合公式;通过分...     

消能减震技术用于C类框架学校建筑提高一度抗震设防加固的探讨

针对既有的C类框架学校建筑提高一度抗震设防的加固目标,从地震作用计算、结构抗震验算和抗震构造措施等方面详细分析了其中的加固难点,指出了应用传统抗震加固方法的一些不足之处,探讨了应用消能减震技术进行结构提高一度抗震设防加固的可行性;并以某C类框架学校建筑加固工程为实例,从减震控制效果分析、弹塑性变形验算、消能部件影响评价、抗震构造措施核查4个方面论证了消能减震加固方法的有效性和可操作性。结果表明,消能减震技术在C类框架学校建筑抗震加固中具有一定的应用优势,不但能有效控制结构的地震响应,而且依据减震效果可以适当降低结构的抗震构造要求。因此,只要通过合理的消能减震加固设计,再辅以额外的局部加强处理,完全可以实现C类框架学校建筑提高一度抗震设防的加固目标需求。     

废旧硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的木质素改性及再生

采用含有二乙二醇(DEG)和乙醇胺(ETA)的双组分解交联剂降解废旧硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PU硬泡),并利用降解得到的低聚物多元醇与木质素复合制备出性能增强的再生PU硬泡。通过对制备的再生PU硬泡的红外光谱、密度、吸水率、抗压强度、热稳定性、导热系数、热重曲线等进行分析测试,考察m(DEG)∶m(ETA)对再生PU硬泡性能的影响。实验结果表明:m(DEG)∶m(ETA)=1∶3时废旧PU硬泡的降解效果最好;木质素加入量为2.0%(w)时再生PU硬泡的密度低、抗压强度高、保温性能良好,达到国家标准《建筑绝热用硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料》(GB/T 21558—2008)的品质要求。     

Method for Rapidly Assessing the Overtopping Risk of Bridges Due to Flooding over a Large Geographic Region

Hydraulic events are a leading cause of bridge failures. While these hydraulic events are accounted for in bridge design, changing environmental and land use conditions require continual updating of this risk. For example, after a bridge has been constructed, streamflow can change in unanticipated ways as a result of land use changes, geomorphic changes, and climate change. The objective of this research was to create a screening method able to quickly and inexpensively estimate overtopping risk across a collection of bridges based on the current streamflow conditions. The method uses a geographic information system, nationally available and standardized datasets, and recent regression equations to quantify bridge vulnerability to overtopping for flooding with varying return periods. This screening method could also be used to assist decision makers in updating the Waterway Adequacy field in the National Bridge Inventory, which indicates the overtopping risk of bridges. The method was applied to a portion of the Hampton Roads region of Virginia, United States that includes 475 bridges. The results of the analysis, when combined with transportation data for bridges, aid decision makers to assign further resources to complete more detailed analyses of bridges identified as being at risk for overtopping.