微型生物与金属腐蚀的研究

主要研究了海洋微生物与金属腐蚀的相关性。通过调查、分析海洋微生物的性质,尤其是硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）,用移植埋片法对海底沉积物中ＳＲＢ含量的分析,建立了ＳＲＢ含量与腐蚀率之间的表象关系,为海洋工程设计提供了重要数据。     

两种奥氏体不锈钢酸性盐雾腐蚀行为研究

目的研究0Cr18Ni9(钝化)不锈钢与0Cr18Ni10Ti(钝化)不锈钢在酸性盐雾条件下的腐蚀行为,为发动机零件选材及防护措施的改进提供依据。方法按GJB150.11A—2009《军用装备环境试验方法盐雾试验》进行,调节溶液p H到3.5±0.5,以24 h喷雾润湿+24 h干燥为一个循环,分别开展2(96 h)、4(192 h)、5(240 h)个循环的酸性盐雾试验。采用目视、称量、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)对盐雾腐蚀后试样进行观察及分析。结果 0Cr18Ni9(钝化)与0Cr18Ni10Ti(钝化)两种奥氏体不锈钢均发生了轻微的腐蚀,主要为局部腐蚀及均匀腐蚀。结论两种金属在酸性盐雾条件下耐蚀性良好,且可满足目前海军型发动机对材料耐酸性盐雾腐蚀的要求,0Cr18Ni9(钝化)略优于0Cr18Ni10Ti(钝化)。     

某装置海洋环境下腐蚀失效分析及控制措施研究

目的 解决采用ZL205A制造的某装置在海洋环境下的腐蚀失效问题.方法 分析装置所处的海洋浪花飞溅区的使用环境,对腐蚀原因与机理进行深入查找、研究.针对腐蚀原因,制定针对性的腐蚀控制措施,并通过试验予以验证.结果 装置腐蚀失效的主要原因为在海洋高盐、高湿的使用环境下,防腐蚀设计不足,防腐措施不到位,产生了电偶腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀、点蚀、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀等.制定的腐蚀控制措施主要有更换耐腐蚀性能较好的ZL114A材料、采用异种金属隔离、完善结构设计与加强过程控制、加强表面涂覆和维护保养等4方面.验证试验表明,采用综合防护措施的ZL114A试样腐蚀轻微,防腐效果良好,而采用原技术状态的ZL205A试样,腐蚀严重,防腐效果差.结论 采取综合防护措施的ZL114A装置在海洋环境下的耐腐蚀性显著提高,实际使用效果良好.     

大气腐蚀起始过程中的微液滴现象研究

微液滴现象是一种新发现的实验现象,当易被腐蚀的金属表面上预先形成有腐蚀性主液滴时,在合适的条件下,主液滴的周围有更小的微液滴出现并不断扩展.微液滴的形成和扩展遵循一定的规律,并与大气腐蚀起始过程密切相关.电化学极化结果显示,大气腐蚀过程中的腐蚀电流是微液滴形成和发展的推动力.     

废水中GaAs、Ga3+、Ge4+对活性污泥脱氢酶的影响及其抑制动力学

以活性污泥脱氢酶的活性作为毒性指标,研究了半导体材料GaAs、Ga³⁺、Ge⁴⁺对活性污泥活性的抑制影响,并用Hg²⁺作为参比材料;同时对抑制动力学也作了初步研究。实验表明,GaAs、Ga³⁺、Ge⁴⁺及Hg²⁺的10％抑制浓度分别为45.00,371.63,0.13ppm/gMLSS,GaAs、Ga³⁺、Ge⁴⁺和Hg²     

循环冷却水复配阻垢缓蚀剂配方的优化

阐述了循环冷却水对金属腐蚀的机理、阻垢缓蚀剂作用的原理,提出了复配缓蚀阻垢剂配方优化的原则及评价标准。并对攀钢煤化公司循环冷却水进行了复配缓蚀阻垢剂配方优化试验,通过配方优化试验,筛选出了DS—605型(浓度为100mg/L)的高效低磷有机膦阻垢缓蚀剂。该配方技术先进,其阻垢缓蚀效果优于GB/50050—95规定的指标要求,冷却水磷含量由原先的12mg/L降至6mg/L,年处理费用降低了27%,具有显著的经济效益和环保效益,目前正准备投入实际使用。     

炼铁高炉净环水高pH碱性运行的阻垢缓蚀研究

以某炼铁高炉妆环水为对象，对循环冷却水高ＰＨ碱性运行阻垢缓蚀进行了研究，筛选出了一复合配方。工业应用试验结果表明，此配方对Ａ３钢的污垢附着速率，腐蚀速率和污垢热阻均低于国家规定的指标要求，说明该配方具有良好的阻垢缓蚀性能。     

热镀锌板表面钝化时的磷化工艺

热镀锌板表面钝化（铬酸盐钝化），主要是为了防止在使用过程中其表面被氧化。由于表面的钝化膜的存在。使得磷化工艺无法进行，从而影响涂装后涂层的附着力（铬酸盐钝化膜不如磷化膜附着性好）和耐蚀性能（铬离子不耐氯离子的腐蚀）。为了提高热镀锌板表面钝化后其表面的涂装性能，开发出一种适合上述条件的磷化工艺。     

Experimental study on the synergistic inhibition effect of nitrogen and ultrafine water mist on gas explosion in a vented duct

In this study, in order to research the synergistic inhibition effect of nitrogen and ultrafine water mist on gas explosion in a vented duct, a semi-confined transparent chamber was designed with the size of 120 × 120 × 840 mm, and the experiments were carried out with stoichiometric methane/air premixed mixture (fraction of methane: 9.5%), adding different fractions of nitrogen and ultrafine water mist. The experimental results showed the following: The combination of nitrogen and ultrafine water mist had a synergistic inhibiting effect on methane/air explosion, which was preferable to the single use of any kind. With the increase of spraying time of water mist and fraction of nitrogen, the initial shape of the explosion flame became snakelike, and at the same time the peak flame propagation speed and peak overpressure decreased significantly. When the nitrogen fraction was increased to 10% and the mist spraying time was increased to 2min, synergistic inhibiting effect on overpressure was high efficient. However, with the increase of spraying time of water mist and fraction of nitrogen going on, the amount of increase of explosion inhibition efficiency was gradually reduced.     

Experimental study on explosion inhibition by heptafluoropropane and its synergy with inert gas

The inhibition effect of heptafluoropropane (CF₃CHFCF₃) on methane explosions under different inhibitor concentrations in a closed vessel was studied. A high-speed camera and a pressure sensor were adopted respectively to record flame propagation characteristics and pressure data. Results indicate that the relationship between flame propagation and pressure rising was correlated. As the equivalent ratio (ϕ)≤1, the pressure presented a trend of rising firstly and then decreasing with increasing CF₃CHFCF₃ concentration, and it was found that there existed a critical concentration for pressure decrease. As ϕ > 1, the pressure exhibited a decreasing trend. Although the pressure appeared to seemingly increase, the moment that the pressure began to rise (t_rise) and the moment that the maximum explosion overpressure appeared (t_Pmax) were obviously delayed. The average rate of pressure rise ((dP/dt)_ave) was decreased as the concentration of CF3CHFCF3 increased. It indicates that CF₃CHFCF₃ can effectively reduce the explosion reaction rate. The critical concentration of CF₃CHFCF₃ for complete inhibition was determined. Meanwhile, the synergy of CF₃CHFCF₃-inert gas can improve the inhibition effect. Compared with CF₃CHFCF₃–N₂, the synergy of CF₃CHFCF₃–CO₂ presented a better inhibition effect, and the inhibition effect was increased with increasing inert gas concentration. And the mechanisms of physical and chemical effects on explosion inhibition were analyzed.