ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国典型地区的适用性研究

目的对ISO 9223—2012标准中碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国的适用性进行验证。方法利用我国典型沿海地区、盐渍区、工业污染区的碳钢大气腐蚀数据和同期环境数据,分析碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测值和实测值之间的差异,验证ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国的适用性。结果根据ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程,利用气温、相对湿度、二氧化硫沉积速率、氯离子沉积速率四项环境因素数据预测碳钢第一年大气腐蚀速率,在我国12个典型地区的预测效果较好,R^2达到0.90。根据预测值划分的腐蚀等级与实测值划分结果一致性好。结论 ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程适用于我国大气环境,预测方程中氯离子沉积速率数据可以直接采用挂片法数据。     

高温堆肥对猪粪中四环素类抗生素及抗性基因的影响

为了研究高温堆肥对猪粪中抗生素及抗生素抗性基因的影响,对不同堆肥处理中的四环素类抗生素(四环素、土霉素、金霉素)及其抗性基因(tetA、tetC、tetG、tetM、tetQ、tetW)的动态变化进行了定量研究.结果表明:低剂量组(10 mg·kg~(-1))中四环素、土霉素、金霉素的去除率分别为91%、94%、92%,高剂量组(50 mg·kg-1)中四环素、土霉素、金霉素的去除率分别为60%、62%、71%.在堆肥过程中,抗生素处理组目标基因相对丰度高于对照组,而低剂量组目标基因相对丰度(tetW除外)又普遍高于高剂量组.经堆肥处理后,tetA的相对丰度增加,tetC、tetG、tetM、tetQ、tetW的相对丰度均下降.高温堆肥可以有效去除猪粪中一定浓度的四环素类抗生素,并对四环素类抗性基因也有一定的削减作用.     

基于模糊理论的埋地管道交流干扰腐蚀安全性研究

针对埋地管道交流干扰腐蚀的现象,利用层次分析法建立交流干扰腐蚀综合评估指标体系,构建判断矩阵;将判断矩阵的特征向量作为评估指标的权重,结合模糊数学理论,采用模糊综合评估法对埋地管道的交流干扰腐蚀进行评估.最后通过实例对评估方法进行了验证.     

装饰性塑料电镀件CASS试验问题分析

汽车用塑料电镀件是一种防护--装饰性镀层,既要具备较好的外观装饰效果,又必须具有优良的防护性能,CASS试验是其性能测试的重要项目,本文就塑料电镀件在CASS试验中出现的各种腐蚀缺陷形态进行了总结,分析了抗腐蚀性下降的原因.     

硫酸盐还原菌在油田中的防治方法及研究进展

文章介绍了近年来在油田中防治SRB的各种技术,列举各种技术的最新应用,并对各种技术的原理、特点以及研究进展等方面进行分析与探讨。     

脉冲袋式除尘器的阻力分析

分析了脉冲袋式除尘器阻力的构成及分布,提出了降低袋式除尘器阻力的途径和要点,并阐述了袋式除尘器节能的根本措施。     

Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater and superficial water: Are they genetically related?

Many studies have reported the presence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in environmental samples such as hospital wastewater and surface water. The present study evaluated the contribution of untreated hospital wastewater to the dissemination of resistant P. aeruginosa strains in aquatic environments, through the analysis of their antibiotic susceptibility profile and genetic similarity. Wastewater samples were collected from two hospitals located in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. Superficial water samples were collected from water bodies that received this wastewater discharge. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the strains were determined using the disk-diffusion technique and their genotyping was done by amplification of the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequences (ERIC-PCR). The antibiotic resistance was higher among the hospital wastewater strains and the multiresistant phenotype was also observed only among these strains. The ERIC-PCR profiles did not reveal any genetic similarity among the P. aeruginosa strains from the wastewater and superficial water samples. On the contrary, they showed that genetically distinct populations were established in these different environments and probably that some other contamination source could be contributing to the presence of resistant strains in these water bodies.     

水分条件对中山杉406光合特性的影响

采用室内盆栽方式,以两年生落羽杉属杂交树种＂中山杉406＂（Taxodium‘Zhongshanshan 406’）为试验材料,设置对照、渍水和淹水3种处理,研究了水分条件对中山杉406叶片的叶绿体色素、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO2摩尔分数（Ci）等光合特性的影响。结果表明,中山杉406的叶绿素a、叶绿素a＋b和类胡萝卜素质量分数随土壤水分增加而逐渐降低,但处理间均无显著差异。同样,不同处理间的Tr、Gs和Ci等光合参数无明显规律。光合-光强响应曲线表现出明显的光饱和限制。不同光强下,对照与淹水处理的中山杉406叶片净光合速率高于渍水处理,但处理间没有显著差异。而光饱和在对照处理显著（P〈0.05）高于渍水和淹水处理。在渍水和淹水下,中山杉406的光合特性没有发生明显变化,表明其具有良好的耐湿耐水特性,在湿地的恢复与构建方面有广阔的应用前景。     

膜生物反应器处理工业废水中膜污染及膜过滤特性研究

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)中试试验装置处理制革、印染工业园区混合废水,考察了悬浮污泥浓度(MLSS)、溶解性微生物产物(SMP)和松散型胞外聚合物(EPS)表征总量、胶体粒子等因素对膜污染发生的影响程度.结果表明,试验装置启动后的120 d内,发生轻度膜污染现象,过滤膜阻力R20从1.5×1012m-1增加至1.8×1012m-1.MBR池内胶体粒子浓度与膜过滤阻力变化呈现明显的线性相关,而MLSS、SMP和EPS表征总量等因素的变化与膜过滤阻力的变化不存在相关性.分析认为胶体粒子是引起该试验装置发生膜污染现象的主要因素,其成因可能是胶体粒子通过附着在膜表面,沉积堵塞膜孔,从而造成膜污染.     

Effect of stress corrosion cracking at various strain rates on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy

This study is aimed to determine the effect of stress corrosion with low strain rates on the electrochemical properties of alloy electrode. Stress corrosion cracking tests of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solutions at 25°C were performed. The effects of the electrochemical properties under the stress corrosion with low strain rates were investigated. The microstructures of cross section were observed by optical microscope. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strengths of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy increased and the strain decreased as the strain rates increased. Open circuit potentials (OCP) of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy electrode possess stability and the loop currents (LC) were improved with the increasing of stress in the elastic zone. The variation of OCP and LC did not change with the increasing of strain-rate. The microstructure of cross section observing revealed the mechanism of OCP and LC changing