不良的安全管理绩效对企业经营成本的影响研究

本文从多个方面探讨了企业的安全管理绩效与企业经营成本之间的关系,认为不良的安全管理绩效不仅会增加企业的人力资源成本,导致企业在工伤保险和商业保险上费用的增加,而且还将会产生更多的政府监管成本,以及现实中直接和间接的物质损失。可见,不良的安全管理绩效将会显著增加企业的经营成本。     

基于改进道化学指数法的野战油库安全评估

野战油库的安全性对提高其战时生存与保障能力具有重要的作用。根据野战油库的特性,通过对道化学指数评价法进行适当改进,提出了一种新的安全评估方法,该方法通过计算野战油库战时的安全指数,从而划分出野战油库的安全等级及危险程度,对指导野战油库制定安全防护措施、提高其战时生存与保障能力具有重要的作用。     

主成分分析法在煤矿事故统计分析中的应用

为了研究我国煤矿各类事故之间的相互关系,运用主成分分析法对我国煤矿事故数据进行了统计分析,计算得到煤矿事故类型的第一主成分和第二主成分,并进一步分析了煤矿事故的主要类型以及各类事故之间的相互联系,对制定相应的煤矿事故预防措施具有一定的指导作用。     

基于强度折减法的港珠澳大桥沉管隧道干坞工程高边坡稳定性分析

在列举和分析比较当前岩土工程领域边坡稳定性分析的各种主要方法的基础上,概述了强度折减法的基本原理、主要特点和优势,并以港珠澳大桥沉管隧道干坞大型临时工程拟建场地的岩质高边坡为实例,应用强度折减法基于FLAC3D软件对该边坡的稳定性进行了计算和分析,确定了边界条件和强度参数,计算了该边坡的安全系数,结果表明自然工况下边坡处于稳定状态,底部开挖以后边坡趋于欠稳定状态,同时指出了边坡的关键变形部位,可为后续的设计和施工提供参考。     

高等学校危险化学品安全管理模式研究

在分析我国与危险化学品安全管理相关的法律法规及国家标准体系的基础上,对高校危险化学品安全管理模式进行了研究,构建了高校危险化学品的组织管理体系,包括仓储、领取、使用、废弃安全管理模式和应急救援预案,以期为推进高校危险化学品安全管理工作建言献策。     

GM(1,1)灰色模型在真空预压沉降预测中的应用

土体固结度是真空预压法加固土体效果的一个重要评价指标,地基最大沉降量的计算是确定土体固结度的关键。本文结合工程实例,分析了GM(1,1)灰色模型在真空预压沉降预测中的可行性,根据部分实测数据计算了地基最大沉降量及土体固结度,并与常用的三点法和双曲线法计算结果进行对比,结果表明GM(1,1)灰色模型的预测结果更符合工程实际。该研究对真空预压施工具有一定的指导意义。     

铜陵相思谷尾矿用于处理酸性矿山排水的实验研究

铜陵相思谷尾矿是夕卡岩型矿床尾矿的典型代表,以富含碳酸盐为特征.为了考察该尾矿砂在AMD淋滤作用下重金属的迁移行为及用于处理AMD的有效性,研究在自行设计的动态实验柱中填充尾矿砂,在保持进水理化性质不变的条件下对其进行80 d的连续淋滤实验,实验过程中定期检测出水的成分,实验结束后对尾矿砂中元素赋存特征进行分析.结果表明,实验过程中出水pH值始终维持在7.5以上;Cu、Zn、Fe离子浓度分别保持在0.1、0.4、1 mg.L-1以下;尾矿砂的渗透系数逐渐降低,由初始的0.23 cm.s-1降至实验结束时的0.10 cm.s-1;固体中元素赋存形态分析结果表明,进水Cu2+、Zn2+主要通过2种作用被固定:Fe氢氧化物的吸持和自身沉淀(形成碳酸盐).研究发现铜陵相思谷尾矿具有较强的酸中和潜力,在中和过程中不仅不会产生重金属离子的淋滤迁移,相反会对其产生沉淀和吸附,因此,可以考虑将该尾矿作为AMD处理的有用材料进行废物利用.     

Exploring the role of emotional intelligence in behavior-based safety coaching

INTRODUCTION: Safety coaching is an applied behavior analysis technique that involves interpersonal interaction to understand and manipulate environmental conditions that are directing (i.e., antecedent to) and motivating (i.e., consequences of) safety-related behavior. A safety coach must be skilled in interacting with others so as to understand their perspectives, communicate a point clearly, and be persuasive with behavior-based feedback. METHOD: This article discusses the evidence-based "ability model" of emotional intelligence and its relevance to the interpersonal aspect of the safety coaching process. RESULTS: Emotional intelligence has potential for improving safety-related efforts and other aspects of individuals' work and personal lives. Safety researchers and practitioners are therefore encouraged to gain an understanding of emotional intelligence and conduct and support research applying this construct toward injury prevention.     

The use of technology to address patterns of risk among teenage drivers

INTRODUCTION: The crash risk of teens is high, with fatal crash rates of teen drivers higher than any other age group. New approaches to reduce teen traffic fatalities are clearly needed. METHOD: A possible approach to reduce the incidence of teen driver crashes and fatalities is through the use of vehicle-based intelligent driver support systems. To be most effective, the system should address the behaviors associated with an overwhelming number of teen fatal crashes: speed, low seatbelt use, and alcohol impairment. In-vehicle technology also offers an opportunity to address the issue of inexperience through enforcement of certain Graduated Driver's License provisions. RESULTS: To fully understand the capability of such technologies, there should be a concerted effort to further their development, and human factors testing should take place to understand their effects on the driver. IMPACT: If successfully implemented, a Teen Driver Support System (TDSS), such as the one described here, could significantly decrease the number of teens killed in traffic crashes.     

Does safety climate moderate the influence of staffing adequacy and work conditions on nurse injuries?

PROBLEM: Hospital nurses have one of the highest work-related injury rates in the United States. Yet, approaches to improving employee safety have generally focused on attempts to modify individual behavior through enforced compliance with safety rules and mandatory participation in safety training. We examined a theoretical model that investigated the impact on nurse injuries (back injuries and needlesticks) of critical structural variables (staffing adequacy, work engagement, and work conditions) and further tested whether safety climate moderated these effects. METHOD: A longitudinal, non-experimental, organizational study, conducted in 281 medical-surgical units in 143 general acute care hospitals in the United States. RESULTS: Work engagement and work conditions were positively related to safety climate, but not directly to nurse back injuries or needlesticks. Safety climate moderated the relationship between work engagement and needlesticks, while safety climate moderated the effect of work conditions on both needlesticks and back injuries, although in unexpected ways. DISCUSSION AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Our findings suggest that positive work engagement and work conditions contribute to enhanced safety climate and can reduce nurse injuries.