Short-term Model of the Production of Construction Aggregates in Taiwan Based on Artificial Neural Networks

BACKGROUND: Taiwan's geography and limited stock of sandstone have caused sandstone resources to gradually decline to the point of exhaustion after long-term excavation. Moreover, the Taiwanese government has continuously increased the amount of land area near rivers that cannot be excavated to facilitate riverbed remediation and promote conservation of water resources. Accordingly, predicting and managing the annual production of construction aggregates in future construction projects, and dealing appropriately with some thorny problems, for instance, demand that excess supply, excessive excavation, unregulated excavation, and the consequent environmental damage, will significantly affect the efficient use of natural resources in a manner that accords with the national policy of Sustainable Development (SD). METHODS:. This study establishes an empirical model for forecasting the annual production of future construction aggregates using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), based on 15 relevant socio-economic indicators, such as indicator of annual consumption of cement. A sensitivity analysis is then performed on these indicators. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This work applies ANN to estimate the annual production of construction aggregates; the estimates, the verification of the model and the sensitivity analysis are all acceptable. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis results indicate that the annual consumption of cement is the indicator that most strongly influences the production of construction aggregates, as well as whether construction waste can be recycled and steel structures can be used in buildings, helping to reduce the future production of construction aggregates in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS: The elaborate prediction methodology presented in this study avoids some of the weaknesses or limitations of conventional linear statistics, linear programming or system dynamics. Additionally, the results not only provide a short-term prediction of the production of construction aggregates in Taiwan, but also provide a viable and flexible means of verifying quality certification of the production data of construction aggregates in the future by incorporating those relevant socio-economic indicators. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: The continuity and quality of the database of relevant indicators used in this study should be closely scrutinized in order to ensure the SD means of exploiting resources.     

菊花组培快繁技术研究

以菊花嫩茎段为材料,进行无菌系建立、芽分化、生根等试验,探讨菊花组培快繁技术.结果表明:(1)以MS BA2.0 mg.L-1 NAA0.1 mg.L-1(单位下同)为培养基,分别置于普通培养室(不开灯,200~500 lux)与人工气候箱中培养,在前者条件下基本上不诱导芽的形成,25天后有部分黄白色愈伤组织形成;而在人工气候箱中培养则产生丛生芽,每茎段在30 d后可形成8~10个丛生芽.(2)分别以①MS BA1.0 NAA0.1,②MS BA2.0 NAA0.1,③MS BA3.0 NAA0.1为增殖培养基,培养25 d后芽增殖3.65~5.90倍.(3)在a.1/2MS NAA0.2;b.1/2MS IAA0.2;c.1/2MS IBA0.2共三个培养基中进行生根培养,生根率均达100%,但前两个培养基中长出的根系细长、数量少,而后一个培养基则根系粗短、数量多.     

中国公众环境意识提高的若干建议

中国公众的环境意识“知”强“行”弱,总体水平较低,主要与几十年来的体制、经济水平和文化素质有关。应增强环境宣传力度和深度,在学校中普设环境教育课,提高公众的环境法律意识和环境道德意识,宣传绿色文化,从而提高公众的环境意识。     

基于Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹破坏模式的条带矿柱破坏宽度研究

采用条带法进行地下开采时,条带矿柱的裂纹扩展导致了矿柱的最终破坏,且裂纹多表现为Ⅰ型裂纹与Ⅱ型裂纹复合扩展破坏特征。根据采场矿柱受力条件,确定条带矿柱受两侧采场空区影响时矿柱内Ⅰ-П复合型裂纹尖端的Westergaard应力函数,采用HoekBrown强度准则计算采场作业面围岩破坏区的边界条件,建立了矿柱破坏宽度计算模型。以上横山页岩矿床为研究对象,采用物理相似模拟试验,模拟条带法回采某盘区3个试验区段,利用DIP法分析受地应力及回采扰动作用下矿柱的裂纹发育特征,验证模型的有效性。结果表明,条带及其条带矿柱均为15 m等设计参数条件下,计算模型矿柱破坏宽度理论值分别为17.66 m、15.56 m和10.28 m,试验模拟结果分别为完全大于15 m、约为15 m和10.5~11.0 m,试验结果与依据模型计算的理论值相近。     

基于PCA-BP神经网络的多股铜导线 熔痕定量金相识别方法研究

为实现火灾现场中多股铜导线熔痕的自动识别,采用主成分分析(PCA)和反向传播(BP)神经网络算法对四种多股铜导线熔痕(一次短路熔痕、二次短路熔痕、过负荷熔痕和火烧熔痕)的金相组织进行了识别研究。利用Image-Pro Plus 6.0和Axio-Imaging软件获取每种熔痕30组17维金相组织参数数据,采用PCA对四种熔痕共120组数据降维,获得前6个主成分得分矩阵,建立具有6个输入层节点,10个隐层节点和4个输出节点的神经网络模式识别模型。随机抽取每种熔痕的20组样品的主成分得分矩阵作为训练集,将每种熔痕的剩余10组主成分得分为测试数据,输入最终训练完成的模型进行识别,其识别准确率达到92.5%。实验结果表明采用PCA+BP神经网络的算法,可以较好地实现多股铜导线熔痕识别,为火灾物证鉴定工作提供了有力的工具。     

铝合金高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展可靠性评估

通过对不同温度下6151-T6合金的研究,获得了一种基于可靠性理论的裂纹扩展速率表达式,为预测6151-T6铝合金构件的安全寿命提供依据。该表达式表明,在高温条件下,6151-T6铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展存在门槛值,而且该门槛值会随着环境温度的升高而降低。     

利用超声波CT的容器内温度测量

本研究的目的是建立一种应用超声波CT原理测量容器内温度分布的非破坏性检测方法.为了详细描述超声波穿过铝管的传播过程(铝管内装满水),基于FDM(有限差分方法)编制的计算机源码用于计算机模拟,计算模拟结果与测定的超声传播时间相当吻合.同时,建立了一套温度测量的实验装置,以测定管道内的平均温度和温度分布,在温度分布测量中,CT技术被用于测量管道内的对称温度分布.结果显示整个测定系统的测量误差不超过±2度.     

电磁环境适应性试验仿真系统研究

目的 基于三维GIS(地理信息系统)构建一套仿真系统,模拟不同作战场景下电磁环境(侦察、探测、干扰、通信、导航等)对武器装备造成的影响,实现电磁环境适应性试验的仿真需求.方法 以GIS系统和电磁传播算法为基础,以模型管理、想定规划、仿真推演、态势显示和模型数据库为主要框架,提出电磁环境适应性试验仿真系统的基本结构,论述...     

疲劳裂纹扩展对高强钢电化学性能的影响

采用线性极化、电化学交流阻抗等方法,研究了施加疲劳载荷前后高强钢在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的电化学行为.结果表明,施加疲劳载荷后,开路电位变化值在裂纹扩展过程中经历先负移后稳定最后稍有正移,由线性极化和交流阻抗拟合得到的极化电阻都呈先增大后减小的趋势.     

预应力混凝土连续刚构箱梁桥裂缝病害分析

某预应力混凝土连续刚构箱梁桥在运营过程中出现了箱粱顶板纵向裂缝，腹板斜裂缝和横隔板竖向裂缝。通过理论计算对其裂缝病害成因进行了研究，指出这些裂缝病害主要系由行车荷载、温度作用及桥墩沉降等多种原因所致，同时还对其裂缝病害状况进行了评估。