Criminal directionality and the structure of urban form

Spatial criminology has three interrelated elements: place, distance, and direction. Though directionality has had theoretical support for many years, very few empirical verifications of this component of crime have emerged. In this article, we investigate the strength of directionality by comparing a simulated randomized dataset and a large incident-based dataset of repeat offenders. We find strong evidence for a strong presence of directionality in criminal spatial decision-making. This aspect of the spatiality of crime must be considered in any attempts to understand the aetiology of crime.     

论环境犯罪的构成要件

文章从环境犯罪的概念入手,进一步阐释环境犯罪的构成要件。通过对四个构成要件逐个剖析,对进一步完善环境刑法提出了自己的看法。     

略论犯罪构成的未完成形态

相对于犯罪构成的完成形态即犯罪既遂,犯罪预备、犯罪未遂和犯罪中止是犯罪构成的未完成形态。本文阐述了犯罪构成的三种未完成形态的内容、意义和处罚原则,同时着重分析了它们之间的区别。     

论强化具体行政行为在环境刑法中的作用

中国目前存在着大量的环境犯罪行为,但对环境犯罪的追究力度不够。许多国家将违反环保部门决定的行为直接规定为犯罪,这种做法体现了环境刑法的行政从属性特征,有利于对环境犯罪行为的判断,可以强化环保部门的环境保护作用,对环境保护起到预防作用。中国应借鉴这些做法,在立法上加以明确的规定,并重视相关问题的研究。     

环境犯罪数量不断上升趋势预测

党的十六届五中全会文件中多次提出要＂实现社会和谐＂。和谐社会的实现有许多要求,其中一项重要的要求就是：环境良好。没有了良好的环境,人类将无以为继,可持续发展也失去了物质基础,同样,社会和谐也就失去了保障。维护环境不仅利在当代,而且功在千秋。环境犯罪是人类已知最为严重的破坏现存环境的行为,有效地治理环境犯罪对于保护环境具有十分重大的意义。本文从对环境犯罪的界定入手,着重分析了环境犯罪近些年来数量不断上升的趋势。     

环境刑事责任的实现

本文从环境刑事法律责任在环境刑法中的地位入手,对我国环境刑事责任的理论研究作了分析,指出我国环境刑事责任实现存在的问题,并在此基础上提出完善我国环境刑事责任实现的对策。     

Importance of deepening integration of crime and conservation sciences

Conservation crime is a globally distributed societal problem. Conservation crime science, an emerging interdisciplinary field, has the potential to help address this problem. However, its utility depends on serious reflection on the transposition of crime science approaches to conservation contexts, which may differ in meaningful ways from traditional crime contexts. We considered the breadth of crime science approaches being used in conservation as well as the depth of crime science integration in conservation. We used the case of sea cucumber (Holothuria floridana, Isostichopus badionotus) trafficking in Mexico as an example of why the interdisciplinarity of crime and conservation sciences should be deepened and how integration can help ideate new solutions. We first conducted a review of literature to capture the range of interdisciplinarity applications. We identified 6 crime science approaches being applied to the conservation contexts of illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing; wildlife and plant crime; and illegal logging. We then compared this knowledge base to the case of illegal sea cucumber fishing in Mexico. We identified 5 challenges in the application of these approaches to conservation contexts: the relative diffusion of harms and victims in conservation crimes; scalar mismatches in crime, authority, and the conservation issue itself; interactions between legal and illegal networks; communities and their authority to define and control crime; and the role of natural science in the rule of law. Considering these 5 factors may enhance the depth of interdisciplinarity between crime and conservation sciences. Nurturing interdisciplinary crime and conservation science will expand innovation and help accelerate successful risk management programs and other policy agendas.