中国1990—1996年冰雹灾害及其时空动态分析

依据《中国减灾》公布的１９９０－１９９６年月灾情信息,建立了冰雹灾害数据库,在此基础上,划分了中国冰雹灾害的组合类型,并绘制出了冰雹灾害的空分布图和时间变化图。     

黄河下游“二级悬河”典型河段近期治理工程环境影响研究

根据黄河下游“二级悬河”“槽高、滩低、堤根洼”的特点,结合国务院发布的《黄河流域防洪规划》,分析工程建设的必要性以及对黄河下游河道进行改造的重大意义,进行了工程实施对黄河下游河道水文情势、水生生态、淤填区陆生生态、土地利用方式、水土流失、退水等环境影响研究。针对工程实施所带来的环境影响提出相应的水环境、生态修复、防护和保护等措施。     

环境规制对区域碳排放时空差异的影响——基于东北三省32个地级市的实证分析

基于2007—2016年东北三省地级市面板数据,结合夜间灯光指数核算地级市碳排放,运用基尼系数、莫兰指数、热点分析等方法,实证分析了不同环境规制对东北三省地级市碳排放的空间效应.结果发现：①区域碳排放总量、人均碳排放量、碳排放强度和单位面积碳排放量呈现正向空间自相关,碳排放的热点区域在相邻地区发生转移,且都有排放中心区域,研究时段内,碳排放在空间上出现不同程度的增长,负增长区域较少.②命令型、经济型和自愿型3种环境规制强度在空间上趋向于更加平衡化的方向发展,存在空间分异性.③自愿型环境规制主要通过直接效应降低碳排放,命令型环境规制主要通过溢出效应降低碳排放,而经济型环境规制则通过总效应对碳排放产生显著正向影响.政府环保部门应促进命令型环境规制的空间溢出效应,通过提高经济型环境规制的有效性刺激技术更新,引进外国先进技术,实行绿色发展模式,以实现"波特假说"的目标.     

天津市空气质量时间变化规律及相关性分析

按时间段对天津市环境空气监测国控点2005年的SO2、NO2和PM10监测数据进行统计分析,SO2、NO2和PM10时间变化规律呈现典型的双峰双谷型,SO2、NO2污染呈现明显的季节性,而PM10污染相对稳定。对SO2、NO2和PM10在全年、采暖期和非采暖期的时间变化进行相关性分析,结果表明,除了非采暖期NO2和SO2相关性不显著外,其它均存在较强的相关性。     

关于建立城市声环境自动监测系统的设想

文章以随机过程“各态历径”理论说明了“定点测量法”与“网格测量法”的内在联系 ,提出了以城市建成区内各类不同环境功能区为基础进行城市声环境自动监测系统监测点位布设的技术规范设想。     

环境空气质量自动监测系统管理

针对目前我国监测站环境空气自动监测的发展和管理现状,建立健全城市环境空气自动监测的管理制度和相应的技术档案十分必要。     

Competitive investment in clean technology and uninformed green consumers

In a market where consumers and the regulatory authorities are not fully informed about the actual production technology or environmental performance of firms that engage in strategic competition, I study the effect of environmental consciousness of consumers on firms׳ incentive to invest in cleaner technology. Firms compete in prices and may signal their environmental performance to uninformed consumers through prices. I also analyze the effect of an expected liability on firms in this setting. Compared to full information, incomplete information generates higher strategic incentive to invest in cleaner technology particularly when consciousness and/or expected liability are not too high. Requiring mandatory disclosure of technology or environmental performance may discourage such investment. Even though consumers and the regulator are uninformed, competition has a positive effect (relative to monopoly) on the incentive to invest.     

区域生态环境预警的原理与方法

本文提出了以区域持续发展的能力作为区域生态环境预警的综合指标,进一步用承载力、稳定性、缓冲力、生产力和调控力作为衡量区域持续发展的能力。选取生态、环境和社会经济指标对区域生态环境质量进行评价,以及对经济发展的协调性和适应性进行分析,作出判断和预警,并讨论了区域生态环境预警的综合方法。     

环境基础设施市场化运作下的政府管理

论述了环境基础设施投资运行机制的市场化改革，是解决目前环境基础设施供需矛盾尖锐、投入不足、效率低下的一条重要途径。认为环境基础设施的特殊性决定了其在市场化运作中，政府加强管理具有重要意义。结合城市给排水和垃圾处理设施的特点，提出并讨论了在市场化运作的背景下，政府管理城市环境基础设施的主要目标、内容及政策体系。     

Regulating water quantity and quality in irrigated agriculture

This paper largely applies the theoretical model formulated in an earlier paper by the authors, of an input based approach to control an agricultural non-point-source pollution. The empirical problem includes a groundwater aquifer being polluted by several agricultural producers. In order to prevent degradation of the quality and depletion of the quantity of the water in the aquifer, a regulatory agency must intervene. The regulatory agency does not have all the information needed for decision making. The producers» use of water from a surface supply is recorded and additional water is pumped from the ground aquifer, the amount of which is unknown to the agency. The agency also does not know the physical characteristics of the production process that is factored into the pollution process. The model evaluates two monitoring regimes (central and individual) and two regulatory tools (taxes and quotas) associated with each regime. Individual monitoring was found to be superior to central monitoring, both in terms of the physical characteristics of the problem (water quality and quantity) and in terms of regional income. For both the central and the individual monitoring regimes, the optimal paths of the state variables reach steady-state values relatively early, with values in the individual monitoring reaching the steady-state earlier than in the case of central monitoring. The optimal path of investment in monitoring equipment suggested investment in monitoring equipment as early as possible.1998 Academic Press