高水分蔬菜和花卉废物序批式进料联合堆肥的中试

以滇池流域典型蔬菜废物(西芹、白菜)和花卉废物(石竹)为原料,进行了序批式联合堆肥的试验研究.以西芹和石竹作为初始物料,控制初始混合物料的含水率在60%～70%,每隔4d添加一次白菜;采用温度反馈通气量控制的好氧静态堆肥技术,在堆体温度40℃左右时停止通风.试验分析了堆肥过程中堆体温度、通风速率、水分、pH值、有机质、灰分、体积、NH₄⁺-N,NO₃^--N等指标随时间的变化特征.结果表明:采用序批式进料、温度反馈通气量控制的静态好氧堆肥技术进行蔬菜和花卉废物联合堆肥可以有效控制堆肥过程,实现有机物料的快速稳定和去除水分,解决了滇池流域蔬菜废物量远大于花卉废物量时堆肥难以有效进行的技术难题.     

中小企业劳资双方职业安全保障博弈研究

为寻求打破中小企业(SMEs)职业安全供求双低均衡状态的途径,提高SMEs职业安全保障水平,采用动态博弈方法分析SMEs劳资双方职业安全行为选择。首先,构建职业安全保障博弈模型,并进行均衡策略分析。其次,将安全管制因素引入博弈模型进行对比分析。结果表明:"低风险工资,加盟"是该模型的纯策略纳什均衡;政府安全管制因素的引入对自然选择概率和员工加盟企业的概率产生有益影响,对企业隐瞒概率的影响取决于对被隐瞒员工进行的补偿。通过提高隐瞒成本、安全投入产出比、低风险工资、员工职业伤害认知和安全管制力度等可以提高SMEs职业安全保障水平。     

国土空间规划管制与区域经济协调发展研究—一个分析框架

厘清国土空间规划管制与区域经济协调发展之间的关系,是我国国土空间规划管制有效开展的重要前提。论文主要结合国内外最新的实证研究文献,在国土空间规划管制对区域经济协调发展影响的“表现形式—作用机理—协调机制”这一逻辑框架下,分析了国土空间规划管制与区域经济协调发展的关联机理。研究结果表明：1）国土空间规划管制影响区域经济协调发展主要表现在发展受限制区域的土地产权受到抑制和资源环境保护的外部性未能有效地内在化;2）国土空间规划管制影响区域经济协调发展的作用机制在于保护型区域生产的生态产品可贸易性较差,使其落入比较优势陷阱;3）国土空间规划管制下的区域经济协调机制主要包括土地发展权漂移、税费调节和地役权保护。从理论和实践上来看,空间规划管制从诞生起,就面临效率的争议,但在资源环境保护的巨大压力之下,国土空间规划管制在实践层面又非不可调和,关键在于区域经济协调机制的设计。这对我国在建立“多规合一”的国土空间规划体系的时代背景下,为避免新的区域经济协调发展问题具有重要的政策含义。     

白腐真菌木质素降解酶的产生及其调控机制研究进展

以黄孢原毛平革菌为主,介绍了近年来白腐真菌木质素降解酶系的生理生化特性、基因组成及其调控的研究进展,并且对木质素降解酶系的外源性调控及其酶活的失活机制进行了综述.然而,尽管对白腐真菌木质素降解酶的研究已有很大的进展,但木质素降解酶的分子调控机制仍尚未明了,因此将白腐真菌实际应用于污染物的降解仍需进一步的研究.     

上海市环境空气质量时间变化规律及其成因分析

对上海市9个环境空气监测国控点2001-2003年的SO2、NO2和PM10监测数据,按时间段进行统计分析,并对3种空气污染物的日变化趋势和规律进行归纳分析。指出对环境空气质量和空气污染物时间变化产生影响的主要原因为大气扩散条件的时间变化影响和污染源排放的时间变化影响。     

清洁生产方案实施状况分析

清洁生产审核的目的是找出企业不符合清洁生产之处,进而提出方案并解决问题。目前在石油行业清洁生产方案难以实施的原因是:对其认识不足,组织管理和实施政策不到位,审核人员业务素质不高。解决该问题的措施是:加强培训,提高审核人员素质,调整并制定有关政策。我国必须加大力度开展清洁生产审核,以推动企业的清洁生产工作。     

论我国保护森林资源刑事立法的完善

目前我国破坏森林资源的犯罪仍处于高发阶段,且形式多样.虽然我国刑法确立了非法采伐、毁坏正规林木罪等罪名,但不足以遏制此类犯罪的发展势头,因此,进一步完善此类犯罪的刑罚体系及其相关制度应成为刑事立法的重点.     

MULTIPURPOSE OPERATION STUDIES OF A CANAL-LAKE-RIVER SYSTEM-OSWEGO RIVER SYSTEM,NEW YORK1

Use of systems analysis techniques for setting up flow regulation rules for the Oswego River System, a canal-river system with eight lakes, was examined. Two sets of lake regulation rules were proposed: the rule curve for each lake, and the lake-use priority curves for all the lakes. The former specifies balanced allocation of the storage in lakes to conservation pools and flood control pools and, the latter determines lakes releases depending upon the type of operation, the time of the year, and systems objectives. A generalized mathematical representation of the complex, multipurpose, multilake river systems operation is described. With appropriate measures of effectiveness and details of analysis, the problem was then solved with simulation and optimization. Use of the results in assisting basin plan formulation is also discussed.     

完善我国地质遗迹保护项目规划与设计的思考

地质遗迹保护项目的规划设计是重要的基础性工作，是决定工程实施以及由此产生的环境、经济、社会影响的重要因素。介绍了我国地质遗迹保护项目规划设计现状，总结了在规划设计和编制中存在的问题，并对保护规划设计方案提出了一系列对策建议。     

Minimum Wet‐Season Flows and Levels in Southwest Florida Rivers1

Abstract: Regulation of river flows can result in decreased stage fluctuations and alteration of inundation patterns of floodplain wetlands. However, floodplain inundation has historically not been addressed in most minimum flow determinations. Florida law requires the water management districts of the state to establish minimum flows and levels to protect water bodies from significant harm associated with water withdrawals. The Southwest Florida Water Management District utilizes a 15% reduction in habitat criterion as a threshold for defining significant harm to freshwater segments of rivers. Utilizing a multi‐parameter approach and different habitat measures for seasonal flow periods, the District has recommended minimum flow compliance standards for the Alafia, Myakka and middle Peace rivers. For the high‐flow period, the District utilized a 15% reduction in the number of days of floodplain inundation (a temporal loss) as a significant harm threshold. This approach yielded allowable flow reductions of 8% for the Alafia and Peace rivers during the high‐flow season and a 7% allowable reduction of natural flows on the Myakka River. Comparison of changes in flows associated with temporal and spatial loss thresholds indicated that flow reductions required to effect a 15% spatial loss of habitat on the Alafia, Myakka and middle Peace rivers are higher than those that would yield a 15% temporal loss. This indicates that with respect to natural flow protection, the District’s consideration of temporal reductions in habitat for establishing minimum river flows for seasonal high‐flow periods is more conservative than the use of a spatial loss criterion.