落实科学发展观，实现经济与环境的协调发展——县区经济与环境协调发展的几点建议

实现县区经济与环境的协调发展,首先要坚持正确的经济增长方式,其次是积极改善县区的经济环境与生态环境现状,再次是转变思路,运用科学发展观来创新环境机制与环境监督机制。做到以环境促经济发展,以经济发展促环境的优化。     

环境刑事责任的实现

本文从环境刑事法律责任在环境刑法中的地位入手,对我国环境刑事责任的理论研究作了分析,指出我国环境刑事责任实现存在的问题,并在此基础上提出完善我国环境刑事责任实现的对策。     

本溪市溪湖区生态环境变化遥感分析与调控对策

以高分辨率QuickBird卫星数据为主要信息源,应用eCognition软件平台开展本溪市溪湖区生态环境动态变化分析。10a生态环境变化说明该区有较大的发展空间;调控对策坚持了科学发展,使建设与环境保护协调发展。     

中国环境监管的需求分析及对策建议

科学高效的环境监管体系的构建是防范突发环境风险的前提和关键,本文对突发性环境事件进行需求分析,提出构建完善的环境监管体系的可行性建议。从法律法规的支撑,各级协调与指挥机构的建立,应急救援资源的储备,监控预警网络的优化以及监管模式的完善的角度,建立完善的监管体系,把各个环节有机联系,实现事态有效控制,减少事故损失,确保人民生命、财产安全和灾后恢复。     

盐龙湖水源生态净化系统FG和MBFG演替特征及水质响应性评价

为探究水源生态净化系统水质净化及浮游植物控制效能,并评价FG(functional group,FG)和MBFG(morphology-based functional group,MBFG)两种功能群对水源生态净化系统内部环境以及水质响应的有效性,于2018年夏季对盐龙湖生态净化系统各单元出水水质和浮游植物功能群进行监测分析.结果表明,盐龙湖生态净化系统能够有效净化水质,进水总磷、总氮、溶解氧和浊度的平均值分别为0.20 mg·L~(-1)、 1.91 mg·L~(-1)、 2.88 mg·L~(-1)和60.23 NTU,经系统处理后分别为0. 09 mg·L~(-1)、 0.95 mg·L~(-1)、 6.26 mg·L~(-1)和39.53 NTU.同时,系统内部水质的空间分布具有异质性,其中溶解氧(DO)、酸碱度(pH)和浊度的空间差异显著(P0.001).盐龙湖生态净化系统在出水处于轻度富营养状态下仍能够有效控制浮游植物密度(4.42×10~5～4.32×10~6cells·L~(-1)),降低水华风险.研究期间绝对优势FG功能群有5个:B、 P、 TC、 J和W1,绝对优势MBFG功能群有6个:GroupⅠ、 GroupⅢ、 GroupⅣ、 GroupⅤ、 GroupⅥ和GroupⅦ,两种绝对优势功能群都能够有效指示生境条件的变化.RDA分析表明MBFG功能群的环境解释度要高于FG功能群.研究结果表明,选择MBFG分类法研究夏季盐龙湖生态净化系统中浮游植物的动态来了解生境的变化更合适.     

Reconstructing historical trends of Berre lagoon contamination from surface sediment datasets: influences of industrial regulations and anthropogenic silt inputs

These last decades, the Berre lagoon (in southeastern France) has been deeply affected since the 1930s by strong inputs of contaminants associated with industrial development and since 1966 by huge inputs of freshwater and silts due to the installation of a hydroelectric power plant. Surveys of the surface sediment contamination have been sparsely performed since 1964 for management and research purposes. These surveys were performed by various laboratories that investigated different chemicals and sampling areas using different analysis protocols. Therefore, the available data are disconnected in time and space and differ in quality. In order to reconstruct coherent time series of sediment contamination from this heterogeneous datasets and to discuss the influences of industrial and hydroelectric discharges we used a statistical approach. This approach is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fuzzy clustering analysis on data from one extensive survey realized on surface sediments in 1976. The PCA allowed identifying two geochemical indexes describing the main surface sediment geochemical characteristics. The fuzzy clustering analysis on these indexes allowed identifying sub-areas under the specific influence of industrial or hydroelectric discharges. This allowed us to reconstruct, for each sub-area, a coherent and interpretable long-term time series of sediment contamination from the available database. Reconstructed temporal trends allowed us to estimate: (i) the overall decrease of sediment contamination since the mid-1970 attributed to industrial discharge regulations enacted at this period and (ii) the dilution of the concentrations of sediment bound contaminants induced by the hydroelectric power plant and its associated particulate matter inputs.     

植物NAC转录因子的种类、特征及功能

综述了NAC转录因子的发现及其家族成员、结构特点和生物学功能.NAC类蛋白是近年来发现的一类植物特有、数量众多的转录因子家族,其成员广泛分布于陆生植物中.NAC家族成员的N端具有一个保守的约150个氨基酸组成的NAC结构域,含有A、B、C、D、E 5个亚结构域,C端具有一个高度变异的转录激活区.分析表明,NAC蛋白结构与其功能密切相关.NAC转录因子具有诸多方面的功能,如参与植物次生生长,在细胞分裂和植株衰老中发挥作用,参与激素调控和信号转导,参与矿质元素营养和农作物品质改良等.同时,NACs还参与生物胁迫中植物的防御反应以及在非生物逆境中发挥作用.目前对NAC基因的研究主要集中于模式植物拟南芥和水稻,对于NAC蛋白涉及的调控途径及其组成因子知之甚少,因此NAC基因的功能还有待深入研究;同时,利用基因工程手段导入或改良关键的NAC转录因子,使作物综合品质的提高已成为可能.图2表2参87     

Application of fuzzy logic to explosion risk assessment

Safety and health of workers potentially being at risk from explosive atmospheres are regulated by separate regulations (ANSI/AIHA in USA and ATEX in the European Union). The ANSI/AIHA does not require risk assessment whereas it is compulsory for ATEX. There is no standard method to do that assessment. For that purpose we have applied the explosion Layer of Protection Analysis (ExLOPA), which enables semi-quantitative risk assessment for process plants where explosive atmospheres occur. The ExLOPA is based on the original work of CCPS for LOPA taking into account an explosion accident scenario at workplace. That includes typical variables appropriate for workplace explosion like occurrence of the explosive atmosphere, the presence of effective ignition sources, activity of the explosion prevention and mitigation independent protection layers as well as the severity of consequences. All those variables are expressed in the form of qualitative linguistic categories and relations between them are presented using expert based engineering knowledge, expressed in the form of appropriate set of rules. In this way the category of explosion risk may be estimated by the semi-quantitative analysis. However, this simplified method is connected with essential uncertainties providing over or under estimation of the explosion risk and may not provide real output data.In order to overcome this problem and receive more detailed quantitative results, the fuzzy logic system was applied. In the first stage called fuzzification, all linguistic categories of the variables are mapped by fuzzy sets. In the second stage, the number of relation between all variables of analysis are determined by the enumerative combinatorics and the set of the 810 fuzzy rules “IF-THEN” is received. Each rule enables determination of the fuzzy risk level for a particular accident scenario. In the last stage, called defuzzification, the crisp value of final risk is obtained using a centroid method. The final result of the risk presents a contribution of each risk category represented by the fuzzy sets (A, TA, TNA and NA) and is therefore more precise and readable than the traditional approach producing one category of risk only. Fuzzy logic gives a possibility of better insights into hazards and safety phenomena for each explosion risk scenario. It is not possible to receive such conclusions from the traditional ExLOPA calculation results. However it requires the application of computer-aided analyses which may be partially in conflict with a simplicity of ExLOPA.The practical example provides a comparison between the traditional results obtained by ExLOPA and by fuzzy ExLOPA methods.     

环境规制对长三角城市绿色发展的影响——基于技术创新的作用路径分析

环境规制与绿色发展的关系及其作用机制是复杂且有争议的议题。基于长三角41个地级及以上城市2003—2018年的面板数据,首先科学构建绿色发展水平测度的指标体系,计算各城市的绿色发展水平及空间动态演变;其次,借鉴可拓展随机性的环境影响评估模型（STIRPAT）,构建面板计量模型,深入探究环境规制对城市绿色发展的影响。研究发现：（1）长三角地区环境规制和绿色发展水平均呈上升趋势,但区域差异显著,绿色发展水平从东南向西北,呈现圈层式递减态势,而环境规制强度重心经历了由东南向西北转移的演变。（2）总体上,环境规制显著影响城市绿色发展,两者间存在倒“U”型关系,即过强的环境规制会抑制城市绿色发展水平的提升。（3）环境规制与技术创新之间存在紧密的联动关系,即环境规制主要通过技术创新这一中介路径促进城市绿色发展转型,其中介效应占总效应的比例约为50.1%。因此,在推动长三角一体化高质量发展过程中,应该根据城市绿色发展效率来制定本地的环境规制,并重视提升本地的技术创新水平,进而实现城市绿色发展转型的目标。     

基于水资源调度的平原河网区城市河道氮迁移转化研究

研究平原河网区城市河道在水资源调度过程中的水文特征和理化特征,探讨基于水资源调度的城市河道氮素形态与组成;在实验模拟条件下,研究基于水资源调度的城市河道沉积物NH+4-N释放过程.结果表明,研究河段在水资源调度作用下水深日变化过程明显;以农历月为单位,水资源调度可以分为轻度置换阶段和深度置换阶段;沿调水路径河道上覆水DO有下降趋势,高锰酸盐指数则呈现升高趋势;沿调水路径上覆水NO-3-N浓度逐渐减少,NH+4-N浓度显著升高;DO与高锰酸盐指数是影响上覆水NO-3-N、NH+4-N浓度的主要因素;沉积物内源NH+4-N释放是上覆水NH+4-N的一个重要来源;水资源调度显著影响(P<0.05)上覆水NH+4-N浓度,对沉积物内源NH+4-N的释放影响不显著(P>0.05).