红壤中La对油菜的剂量效应和临界浓度

通过盆栽试验,研究了红壤中不同浓度La对油菜的生长、产量、叶绿素含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果表明:低浓度La可促进油菜生长并增加产量,但达不到显著水平;300mg·kg^-1以上的高浓度La则显著抑制油菜生长和降低产量.La浓度为600mg·kg^-1时油菜死亡,油菜产量降低一半时的EC50=300mg·kg^-1.La浓度为15 mg·kg^-1时油菜叶片叶绿素和叶绿素a/b分别减少,POD活性随La的浓度的增加和施加时间的延长而逐渐增加.     

风浪扰动下的太湖悬浮物实验与模拟

采用太湖湖区底泥,根据波浪水槽实验总结了各种扰动强度下太湖底泥的起动切应力.波浪水槽可以系统地模拟太湖常见的波浪强度.通过实验确定了太湖底泥的临界切应力为0.050 Pa,采用国外先进的FVCOM模型计算模拟了太湖流场和悬浮物分布并和太湖实测资料进行了对比,结果较为合理,证明了模型的有效性.由于目前太湖的野外监测资料存在较明显的时空不一致性.模型参数率定的精度受到了较大影响,太湖悬浮物与太湖底泥的内源释放以及水体的透明度有较大关系,因此通过室内实验研究太湖的悬浮物规律对太湖的富营养化治理具有重要意义.     

大气活性氮沉降临界负荷研究进展

氮沉降增加是全球变化最重要特征之一,它对全球尺度的粮食生产、碳氮循环及环境质量均具有重要影响,如何有效防控氮沉降增加已成为国内外关注的热点问题.氮沉降临界负荷作为描述生态系统不受氮沉降损害的特定数值,为氮沉降污染防治提供了有益参考.目前,国内外关于氮沉降临界负荷的研究已取得了较大进展,但尚缺乏对氮沉降临界负荷及其定量方...     

Persistent organochlorine contaminants in hair samples of Northern Poland population, 1968-2009

The European regulation on chemicals, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), came into force on 1 June 2007. With pre-registration complete in 2008, data for these substances may provide an overview of the expected chemical space and its characteristics. In this paper, using various in silico computation tools, we evaluate 48 782 neutral organic compounds from the list to identify hazardous and safe compounds. Two different classification schemes (modified Verhaar and ECOSAR) identified between 17% and 25% of the compounds as expressing only baseline toxicity (narcosis). A smaller portion could be identified as reactive (19%) or specifically acting (2.7%), while the majority were non-assigned (61%). Overall environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential were evaluated using structure-activity relationships and a multimedia fugacity-based model. A surprisingly high proportion of compounds (20%), mainly aromatic and halogenated, had a very high estimated persistence (>195 d). The proportion of compounds with a very high estimated bioconcentration or bioaccumulation factor (>5000) was substantially less (6.9%). Finally, a list was compiled of those compounds within the applicability domain of the models used, meeting both persistence and bioaccumulation criteria, and with a long-range transport potential comparable to PCB. This list of 68 potential persistent organic pollutants contained many well-known compounds (all halogenated), but notably also five fluorinated compounds that were not included in the EINECS inventory. This study demonstrates the usability of in silico tools for identification of potentially environmentally hazardous chemicals.     

受火侵袭波纹腹板钢梁的侧向弯扭屈曲及其参数分析

基于ANSYS的有限元数值计算,考查了简支波纹腹板钢梁在火灾作用下的侧向弯扭屈曲。通过与平腹板钢梁的临界温度作比较,研究了波纹腹板钢梁分别在纯弯矩和集中载荷作用下的抗火性能,并分析了栽荷比、初始缺陷等因素对波纹腹板钢梁抗火性能的影响。分析表明,波纹腹板钢梁与平腹板钢梁在火灾作用下有相同的侧向弯扭屈曲性能。     

基于经济性评价的北京市平原区农村污水治理模式优化研究

随着我国农村生活污水治理深入推进,治理模式优选逐渐成为制约村污治理成效的关键.针对农村生活污水治理模式判据缺失的现状,结合北京市农村生活污水治理背景,系统梳理北京市农村生活污水治理历程和治理现状,采用费用效益分析方法,建立基于两级临界距离的治污模式判据,以通州区潞城镇治污模式优化作为案例研究,验证治污模式判据的时效性....     

植被过滤带模式对内蒙农牧交错区截流减沙的影响及优选

为了提高农牧业交错带禾本植被过滤带截流减沙效果,在内蒙古中部巨宝庄试验基地设置过滤带茎间距(0.9cm、1.2cm、1.7cm)和宽度(3m、6m、9m)2个因素,包括空白对照共10个处理.研究了植被过滤带茎间距和宽度对截流减沙的响应,并运用熵权TOPSIS模型评价了不同植被过滤带模式的综合效益,筛选该地区禾本植被过滤带适宜茎间距和宽度.结果显示,在相同植被过滤带茎间距条件下,增加过滤带宽度显著降低径流与泥沙出流量,过滤带宽度为9m与6m处理比3m处理在过滤带末端平均泥沙含量分别减少了80.97%和60.66%,平均径流量分别降低了62.14%、33.59%,并分别推迟水沙出流时间7min和2min.在相同过滤带宽度下,减少植被茎间距有效提高截流减沙效果,其中过滤带茎间距为0.9cm处理比1.2cm与1.7cm处理在过滤带末端平均泥沙含量分别减少了35.4%和48.28%;平均径流量分别降低了16.5%和18.26%.茎间距与宽度对径流、泥沙拦截量影响极显著,过滤带宽度对径流影响更大,且两者交互作用对泥沙拦截量影响极显著.通过熵权TOPSIS评价得出过滤带宽度为9m,茎间距为0.9cm的禾本植被过滤带模式综合评分最高,经济与截流减沙综合效益最优,研究结果对当地植被过滤带建设有重要指导意义.