珠江三角洲新垦大气核化速率研究

计算了珠江三角洲新垦地区的大气核化速率,对核化机制及核化速率计算的影响因素进行了分析. 基于PRIDE-PRD2004观测实验期间新垦站点的气溶胶数浓度谱分布观测数据,计算出3 nm粒子的表观形成速率. 根据表观形成速率与核化速率之间的关系式,分析了1 nm粒径临界核的大气核化速率. 结果表明,新粒子事件期间3 nm粒子的表观形成速率为7.2～9.4 cm^-3·s^-1,1 nm临界核的大气核化速率为7.65×10²～1.14×10⁵ cm^-3,与前体物硫酸蒸气浓度比较一致,气态硫酸应是主要的核化前体物. 新垦地区背景气溶胶中积聚模态对碰并汇贡献较大,事件期间气溶胶数浓度变化对核化速率计算结果影响不大. 本研究获取了新垦核化速率信息,有助于进一步了解核化机制. 由于成核临界粒径的不确定性对核化速率计算结果影响很大,确定成核临界粒径对核化速率计算十分重要.     

河岸带地下水营养元素和有机质变化及与洪水的响应关系研究

河岸带地下水和河水存在复杂的交互作用,地下水和地表水存在明显的补排关系,洪水事件是影响河岸带地下水水质波动的重要水文过程. 以黄河湿地国家级自然保护区孟津湿地为研究对象,通过河岸带地下水营养元素指标(特别是小浪底水库调水调沙期间)野外定位观测,深入分析了河岸带地下水水质变化及其与洪水的响应关系. 结果表明,河岸滩区的农业开发存在明显的氮、磷下渗流失风险. 临近河岸的农耕旱作区,是河流与人工湿地之间一个特殊的氮污染物控制单元,对地下水和河流之间的氮迁移隔离起着极为重要的作用. 在人工湿地,农家粪作为底肥加入可能是磷下渗流失的重要源头,进入地下水中的磷顺着水力坡度还发生着显著的横向迁移,尤其在调水期横向迁移更加明显. 河岸滩区的开发类型及其耕作制度对地下水的硝氮含量产生重要的影响. 在鱼塘区,常年的土壤厌氧环境加重了氮的下渗迁移和积累;在荷塘区,春夏季节,土壤淹没呈厌氧环境,氮迁移和硝化作用显著,在秋冬季节,土壤呈好氧环境,氮硝化作用显著发生,全年氮达到相对平衡的状态;距离河岸50～200 m之间氮的硝化-反硝化作用强烈,是一个高效的微生物氮净化单元. 人工湿地施用的农家粪是有机物流失的重要源头,河岸滩区土壤质地呈沙性,渗透能力强,土壤保水保肥能力差,在此区进行农业活动,尤其是人工湿地开发中大量施用肥料,容易造成土壤表层有机质和氮磷养分因灌溉而导致的下渗流失,进而污染地下水与河水,较由降雨引起的地表径流流失显得更为突出. 距离河道50～200 m的范围是重要的污染净化单元,为典型的滩区地下水-河流的水陆交错带. 该区域的合理保护,对于保护河流水质和地下水水质十分重要.     

Storm impacts along European coastlines. Part 2: lessons learned from the MICORE project

This paper describes the MICORE approach to quantify for nine field sites the crucial storm related physical hazards (hydrodynamic as well as morphodynamic) in support of early warning efforts and emergency response.As a first step historical storms that had a significant morphological impact on a representative number of sensitive European coastal stretches were reviewed and analysed in order to understand storm related morphological changes and how often they occur around Europe. Next, an on-line storm prediction system was set up to enable prediction of storm related hydro- and morphodynamic impacts. The system makes use of existing off-the-shelf models as well as a new open-source morphological model. To validate the models at least one year of fieldwork was done at nine pilot sites. The data was safeguarded and stored for future use in an open database that conforms to the OpenEarth protocols.To translate quantitative model results to useful information for Civil Protection agencies the Frame of Reference approach ( [Van Koningsveld et al., 2005] and [Van Koningsveld et al., 2007] ) was used to derive Storm Impact Indicators (SIIs) for relevant decision makers. The acquired knowledge is expected to be directly transferred to the civil society trough partnerships with end-users at the end of the MICORE project.     

明代左佩琰《迁城论》与耀州城的洪水灾害

明末左佩琰所著《迁城论》是中国古代非常稀见的一篇城市洪涝灾害方面的论文,历史证明,该论文提出的迁耀州城以避洪水的观点确实是高瞻远瞩的真知灼见,非常难得。     

应用简单质量平衡法计算酸沉降临界负荷的研究

基于植物响应、土壤稳定性,铝浓度,碱度和ｐＨ标准,应用简单质量平衡法计算红壤各种土的酸沉降临界负荷。结果表明,沙质红泥土,红沙土,潮沙土、中度侵蚀红壤和潮沙泥土的酸沉降临界负荷较低,棕泥土和红壤土较大;     

络合萃取法处理含酚废水技术经济分析

从技术经济角度对络合萃取法处理含酚废水进行了分析,建立了投资及净现值与处理量和浓度的关系式。结果表明：络合萃取法投资及净现值指标对处理理敏感,而对浓度不敏感;     

巢湖流域旱涝时空特性分析

利用巢湖流域14个站点39年(1961~2000年)的降水观测资料,采用Z指数作为旱涝指标,运用地理信息系统(GIS)等方法,对巢湖流域汛期旱涝的时空变化特征进行了分析探讨,其结果表明:巢湖流域旱涝灾害十分频繁,旱涝灾害发生的频率和降水量呈现正相关关系,具有阶段性和周期性等特性,空间分布上存在一定的结构性,巢湖流域北部为易旱易涝区,西部为易旱区,东南部、南部是易涝区,中北部是不易旱易涝区。     

洞庭湖区湿地综合资源管理与复合生态系统建设

通过对洞庭湖区湿地衰退原因与特征的分析,提出合理开发湿地资源必须强化湿地整体管理,控制湿地开发规模,适度退田还湖还蓄（洪区）,调整农业布局与种植制度,走集约持续发展之路,建设复合高效湿地生态系统;进行适应洪涝灾害发生规律的避洪、耐渍型生态设计,建立适应浅水水体、湖洲和低湖渍害田的复合高效生态工程模式。     

临界区甲醇的聚碳酸酯降解研究

在间歇高压反应器中研究了聚碳酸酯在甲醇临界区域的降解行为 .降解无需借助催化剂 ,降解温度 2 2 0— 2 6 0℃ ,压力5 2 0— 8 6 7MPa ,时间 5— 4 5min ,通过GC MS与GC FID对液相产物进行了定性和定量分析 ,聚碳酸酯醇解主要产物为碳酸二甲酯 (DMC)和双酚A(BPA) .降解温度和时间为 2 4 0℃和 30min时 ,DMC和BPA的产率分别 91 75 %和 90 0 3% .通过凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC)对 2 4 0℃醇解反应的固相聚合物进行了分析 .降解初期 ,聚合物大分子发生断裂 ,PC的数均分子量 (Mn)迅速下降 ,仅有少量DMC和BPA生成 ;降解的中间阶段 ,低聚物在降解产物中的比例快速增加 ,同时DMC与BPA相应增多 ,最终PC被完全分解 .     

Critical pedagogy of place to enhance ecological engagement activities

Scientists in higher education institutions around the globe recognize the importance of engaging with public stakeholders to share their enthusiasm, explain their science, and encourage primary and secondary students to enter the sciences. However, without direct consideration of students’ and teachers’ perspectives and interests, scientists may design activities around their own goals, limiting the impact on school stakeholders (i.e., students, teachers, paraprofessional staff, students’ parents, and other caregivers). We drew from natural and social science research to describe how expanding the conception of place beyond the biophysical can help engage school stakeholders in meaningful ways. We describe the multidimensional PLACE framework that we developed to integrate perspectives, knowledge, and values of all stakeholders in engagement programming. The framework is organized around topics that stakeholders should discuss early on to ensure successful partnerships. We recommend that scientists identify and use pedagogy that is inclusive; language framed around dialogic communication methods; aims and motivations centered on engagement; cultural funds of knowledge of place (i.e., disciplinary, personal, or experiential knowledge); and evaluation of engagement based on meaningful metrics. Two case studies are presented to illustrate how the PLACE framework components, when addressed, can lead to robust, successful partnerships between scientists and schools.