光导纤维氨气敏荧光传感器的研制和应用

以大环冠醚为铵离子中性载体，吖啶橙为荧光ＰＨ指示剂，二者结合于增塑的ＰＶＣ膜中，样品氨浓度变化直接引起膜的荧光强度变化。基于该原理研制成不需内电解质溶液的光导纤维氨气敏荧光传感器。用以测定生活污水的氨氮，精密度实验的平均变异系数为０．９－１．３％；回收率为９５．４％－１０５．６％。     

Electrochemical reduction characteristics and the mechanism of chlorinated hydrocarbons at the copper electrode

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of chlorinated hydrocarbons were investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique. The reduction mechanism and activity of the chlorinated hydrocarbons at the copper electrode were explored. The relationship between the structure of chlorinated hydrocarbons and their reductive activity were discussed. The experimental results showed that chlorinated alkanes and a portion of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons could be reduced directly at the copper electrode. However, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons were not easy to reduce at the copper electrode. The results provided a theoretical basis for the catalyzed iron inner electrolysis method. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(4): 51–54 [译自: 环境科学]     

阳极溶出伏安法测定水体中痕量Sb^5＋

在ｐＨ３．４，８－羟基喹啉、甲基橙的浓度分别为４３μｍｏｇ／Ｌ、１３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４底液中，用阳极溶出伏安法直接测定水体中Ｓｂ＾５＋。其线性范围为０．２６～５．２ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，方法的检出限为０．１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ；９次重复测定的变异系数为０．８％；回收率为９５．６％～１０４％。大部分常见阳离子不干扰测定。     

Electrochemical analysis of endosulfan using a C18-modified carbon-paste electrode

Successful applications of different analytical procedures to determine quantitatively endosulfan and its metabolites in aqueous media can be found in recent literature. Fundamentally, they have made use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), sometimes coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). In this paper, a new and alternative methodology to determine quantitatively endosulfan in aqueous media is reported. A C18-modified carbon-paste electrode has been used to determine voltammetrically endosulfan, despite its unfavourable electrochemical properties and behaviour. The methodology proposed is based on the decrease experienced by the peak intensity corresponding to voltammetric signals of Cu(II) when successive and constant additions of endosulfan are carried out. This decrease is directly proportional to the concentration of endosulfan what allows to perform an indirect quantification of the pesticide. The detection limit obtained is 40 ng l⁻¹, this value being under the limits specified by European norms and EPA reports.     

循环经济及其必然性

循环经济是人类经济社会发展的必然选择。循环经济本质上是生态经济，它倡导一种与环境和谐的经济发展模式，其基本指导原则是减量化(Reduce)、再利用(Reuse)、再循环(Recycle)。文章简要地讨论了循环经济的必然性及内涵，指出我国必须建立起一整套符合其范式要求的政治、法律、经济和文化体制。     

嫌气条件下土壤中有机还原性物质的动态变化

利用示差脉冲伏安法研究了不同有机物料在嫌气培养条件下产生的有机还原性物质的动态变化．结果表明：在培养起始阶段，强还原性有机物质的数量迅速增加，以后逐渐下降．不同有机物料所产生的有机还原性物质的强度和数量各不相同。培养初期，有机还原性物质种类较多，长时间培养后，部分还原能力较弱的有机物质消失。长时间培养后。嫌气培养液中强还原性有机物质可能与金属离子作用，使其活性降低。     

有机污染物苯胺在催化电极上氧化降解的途径

采用循环伏安法和测定催化电极在不同介质中的阳极极化曲线得到析氧电位的方法,考察了有机污染物苯胺在催化电极上的电催化氧化行为.研究结果表明,苯胺在不同催化电极和反应介质中的电催化氧化降解途径可分为协同氧化降解和间接氧化降解2种模型.催化电极对有机污染物的电催化性能、电极的析氧电位大小以及处理体系的介质环境等多方面因素决定了电催化氧化的降解途径并将影响电化学降解的效率.      

循环活性污泥法处理丙烯腈废水

采用循环活性污泥法处理模拟丙烯腈废水,探讨了丙烯腈的微生物降解机理。实验结果表明：在进水1h、厌氧1h、曝气4h、沉淀1h的处理条件下,处理后丙烯腈质量浓度由71mg/L降至4．4mg/L,去除率为93．8％COD由546mg/L降至49mg/L,去除率为91％。用扫描电子显微镜观察反应器中的活性污泥,发现八叠球菌、诺卡氏菌、链球菌为其主要菌群。     

氯代烃在铜电极上的电还原特性和pH值的影响

采用循环伏安法,对氯代烃类化合物在铜电极表面上的电还原特性进行了研究,结果表明,氯代烷烃类化合物能在铜电极表面被直接还原,氯代芳烃不易在铜电极上被直接还原．碱性条件有利于中间体碳负离子的形成;在酸性条件下,碳负离子与氢离子之间反应的几率增大,导致通过溶液的电流值增加．pH值对不同氯代烃在铜电极上的电还原特性有不同程度的影响,这主要取决于碳链(或苯环)上其它取代基的性质、结构、数量和它与氯在苯环上的相对位置．     

废弃活性炭在烧结矿中循环利用的研究

研究不同的废弃活性炭配比对烧结矿的成品率、垂直烧结速度、转鼓指数的影响。试验结果表明,在保证烧结矿质量的前提下,废弃活性炭的配入比应不大于0.5%,同时检测烧结矿尾气,配入0.5%的废弃活性炭并未造成尾气中氮氧化物和硫氧化物含量的增加,实现了废弃活性炭无害化、资源化利用。