两相厌氧在浆粕废水处理工程中的应用

浆粕废水组分较为复杂,废水治理具有一定的技术难度,采用两相厌氧、间歇式活性污泥法和物化处理组合工艺可以取得较好的效果。生产运行表明两相厌氧工艺对CODCr、BOD5的去除效率分别达67%～78%和82%～87%,生物水解使挥发酸提高了23～34倍。根据水质和水量的变化情况,及时调整其操作参数可使水解池维持良好的运行状态。     

绿色防控技术对稻农经济收益的影响及其作用机制

中国农业正在向绿色发展转变,绿色防控技术在确保粮食安全和保护生态环境方面发挥着重要作用。文章基于四川省623户水稻种植户的微观调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法消除了样本选择性偏差,分析了绿色防控技术对农户经济收益的影响及其作用机制,并对研究结果进行了一系列的稳健性检验。研究结果表明:①绿色防控技术的采纳能够显著改善稻农的经济收益。与未采纳绿色防控技术的状态相比,采纳绿色防控技术能够使农户每亩水稻的毛收入增加104.96%,每亩水稻的净利润增加40.45%。②从作用机制上看,采纳绿色防控技术使稻农获得了更高的市场溢价,同时有利于激励稻农扩大水稻种植规模,并增加对农地的投入,包括提高有机肥和种子的投入费用。③尽管采纳绿色防控技术带来了一定的消极影响,即提高了病虫害损失率,导致一定程度的减产,但整体而言,采纳绿色防控技术所带来的价格溢价弥补了因病虫害引致的产量损失,改善了稻农的经济收益。④绿色防控技术对稻农经济收益的影响会由于教育水平的差异以及互联网的应用而存在明显的异质性。最后,研究从加大农村人力资本投入、完善农村互联网设施、强化绿色防控技术政策支持以及加强对农用化学投入品的监管等四个方面提出对策建议。     

Feeling insulted? Examining end‐of‐work anger as a mediator in the relationship between daily illegitimate tasks and next‐day CWB

In this daily diary study, we investigated the within‐person relationship between daily illegitimate tasks and next‐day counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We explored a moderated mediation model where the link between illegitimate tasks and CWB is mediated by daily end‐of‐work anger, with daily time pressure moderating the relationship between illegitimate tasks and end‐of‐work anger. We collected data from 114 full‐time employees across 10 consecutive working days. Results showed that within individuals, daily illegitimate tasks positively predicted next‐day CWB, and the relationship was mediated by daily end‐of‐work anger. Further, daily time pressure moderated the relationship between daily illegitimate tasks and daily end‐of‐work anger with the relationship being stronger when daily time pressure was high.     

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in human milk samples in Vojvodina,Serbia: Estimation of average daily intake by babies

The objectives of the study were to determine the aflatoxin M1 content in human milk samples in Vojvodina, Serbia, and to assess the risk of infants' exposure to aflatoxins food contamination. The growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin B1 in corn samples resulted in higher concentrations of AFM1 in milk and dairy products in 2013, indicating higher concentrations of AFM1 in human milk samples in 2013 and 2014 in Serbia. A total number of 60 samples of human milk (colostrum and breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery) were analyzed for the presence of AFM1 using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The estimated daily intake of AFM1 through breastfeeding was calculated for the colostrum samples using an average intake of 60 mL/kg body weight (b.w.)/day on the third day of lactation. All breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery and 36.4% of colostrum samples were contaminated with AFM1. The greatest percentage of contaminated colostrum (85%) and all samples of breast milk collected 4–8 months after delivery had AFM1 concentration above maximum allowable concentration according to the Regulation on health safety of dietetic products. The mean daily intake of AFM1 in colostrum was 2.65 ng/kg bw/day. Results of our study indicate the high risk of infants' exposure, who are at the early stage of development and vulnerable to toxic contaminants.     

On the Role of Spatial,Temporal, and Climatic Forces on Stream Sediment Loading from Rural and Urban Ecosystems

In this study, we characterize the greatest sediment loading events by their sediment delivery behavior; dominant climate, watershed, and antecedent conditions; and their seasonal distribution for rural and urban land uses. The study area is Paradise Creek Watershed, a mixed land use watershed in northern Idaho dominated by saturation excess processes in the upstream rural area and infiltration excess in the downstream urban area. We analyzed 12 years of continuous streamflow, precipitation, and watershed data at two monitoring stations. We identified 137 sediment loading events in the upstream rural section of the watershed and 191 events in the downstream urban section. During the majority of these events conditions were transport limited and the sediment flush occurred early in the event, generally in the first 20% of elapsed event time. Statistical analysis including two dozen explanatory variables showed peak discharge, event duration, and antecedent baseflow explained most of the variation in event sediment load at both stations and for the watershed as a whole (R² = 0.73‐0.78). In the rural area, saturated soils combined with spring snowmelt in March led to the greatest loading events. The urban area load contribution peaked in January, which could be a re‐suspension of streambed sediments from the previous water year. Throughout the study period, one event contributed, on average, 33% of the annual sediment load but only accounted for 2% of the time in a year.     

日用化学产品制造业产排污量核算系数手册的修订

通过分析日用化学产品制造业5个小类行业污染物产排情况,采集样本企业污染物指标数据模拟计算得出相应污染物指标的产排污量核算系数.系数涵盖了12个主要污染物指标,并按照16种产品类别组合编制系数手册,为第二次全国污染源普查统计提供参考.该核算系数手册是对第一次全国污染源普查中系数手册的修订与增补,以期更为系统、科学地量化日...     

不同缓冲剂调节pH值影响MSW反应器运行的对比

反应器填埋场很大程度上缩短了城市固体废物(MSW)的稳定化时间。渗滤液循环是实现反应器的有效途径不同渗滤液pH值条件下反应器的运行效率是不同的。本文采用两种缓冲剂,熟石灰和粉煤灰对渗滤液pH值进行调节,讨论它们对渗滤液回灌、废物稳定化的影响。同时,本文也分析了两种调节方法的区别。实验证明了调节后的环境有利于固体废物中有机污染物的去除,对金属离子和盐类没有明显去除作用。两种调节方案都是简单、经济可行的。     

夏季北京市大气中PAN与PPN的监测分析

采用在线监测仪器,在2005-08对北京市中关村地区大气中的PAN和PPN浓度进行了监测.结果表明,大气中存在着高浓度的PAN和PPN,其最高体积分数分别为2 493.2×10^-12和509.2×10^-12;PPN与PAN的浓度相关性很强,相关系数R²=0.949 5;［PPN］/［PAN］为20.2%. PAN和PPN的浓度在夜间有1个峰值出现,白天高浓度的PAN和PPN出现在NO₂浓度较高而NO浓度较低的时段,PAN与O₃的浓度变化趋势基本一致并显示出一定的相关性.     

江苏省“十一五”环境压力与调控响应

利用环境压力-状态-响应模型分析江苏省在实现“十一五”环境规划目标过程中面临的环境压力现状及其作用过程,识别关键环境压力因子并提出相应的环境调控方案.结果表明:研究区域对环境压力具有良好的响应关系,其中可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)和太湖流域水质指标已成为制约江苏省“十一五”环境目标顺利完成的瓶颈;提出的环境调控响应方案分为环境保护对策及环境保护工程两部分,前者主要涉及到流域环境综合整治及大气污染防治,后者包括重要生态功能保护区建设工程、循环经济建设与工业污染治理工程、二氧化硫和酸雨污染控制工程、近岸海域环境保护工程等.      

当代城市生活垃圾处理技术现状与展望——兼论中国城市生活垃圾对策视点的调整

以探究全球城市生活垃圾治理技术实践 ,展示人类面向 2 1世纪解决城市生活垃圾问题的新视点 ,并对我国垃圾对策视点的调整及垃圾产业化提出建议