农地整理权属调整的问题与对策

农地整理是实现耕地总量动态平衡,改善农业生态环境、增加土地产出的重要手段,是国家扶持农业及农村发展的重要举措.总结了我国农地整理权属调整的原则、方法和程序,分析了现阶段农地整理权属调整中存在的公众参与、技术方法、组织管理和法律法规方面存在的问题,并提出了相应对策.     

ESTIMATING NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT THRESHOLD CRITERIA FOR BIOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: This study employs a simple nonlinear statistical approach to establish nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentration and unit area load thresholds to aid in the evaluation of aquatic biological health of watersheds within the state of Pennsylvania. Flow, nitrogen and phosphorus species, sediment, basin area, land cover, and biological assessment data were assembled for 29 Pennsylvania watersheds. For each watershed, rating curves depicting flow versus load relationships were developed using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) storage and retrieval database (STORET) flow and concentration data, then applied to daily flow data obtained from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) daily flow gauging stations to estimate daily load between 1989 and 1999. The load estimates and concentration data were then sorted into six sets of data: mean annual unit area nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads; and average nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentrations. Results of Mann‐Whitney tests conducted on each of the six datasets indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the concentrations and unit area loads of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment in impaired and unimpaired watersheds. Concentration thresholds, calculated as the midpoint between the impaired and unimpaired watersheds’ 95 percent confidence interval for the median, were estimated to be 2.01 mg/L, 0.07 mg/L, and 197.27 mg/L for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment, respectively. Annual unit area load thresholds were estimated to be equal to 8.64 kg/ha, 0.30 kg/ha, and 785.29 kg/ha, respectively, for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment species.     

调整城市能源结构改善空气环境质量

能源是社会经济发展的基础，城市空气环境质量与能源结构合理与否密切相关，也是改善空气环境质量的关键。文章客观的反映了乌鲁木齐冬季采暖期使用燃煤能源，对人居环境造成的负面影响，对乌鲁木齐清洁能源的储藏量及利用情况进行了介绍，并为发展清洁能源提出了有益的建议。     

Grasshopper assemblage response to conservation ecological networks in a timber plantation matrix

Grasshopper assemblages are well known to be sensitive and responsive to changes occurring in habitats, enabling their application as bioindicators. Large-scale ecological networks (ENs) have been proposed as a conservation mitigation measure, and are used extensively in southern Africa to offset the impacts on biodiversity of commercial afforestation. Here, grasshopper response to an EN of 15 semi-natural grassland sites embedded in an exotic timber plantation matrix was investigated over two time periods, one year apart. The aim was to determine which environmental variables had a significant effect on grasshoppers, whether this response was robust among seasons, and the extent of phylogenetic variability in the response. The results showed that grasshopper species responded strongly and consistently to area of the site, time lapse since the last fire, and inconsistently to proportion of short grasses. Generalized least squares models with phylogenetic adjustment showed that there was a strong phylogenetic signal in species response to habitat quality, illustrating that site occupancy patterns were distinct for species from different subfamilies. Since grasshopper assemblages are more sensitive to internal patch-level environmental factors of ENs than to patch isolation, ENs may indeed be a suitable mitigation measure, although effectiveness is expected to vary among taxa.     

Adjusting to new work teams: Testing work experience as a multidimensional resource for newcomers

The successful performance adjustment of team newcomers is an increasingly important consideration given the prevalence of job‐changing and the uncertainty associated with starting work in a new team setting. Consequently, using sensemaking and uncertainty reduction theories as a conceptual basis, the present study tested work experience as a potential resource for newcomer performance adjustment in teams. Specifically, we tested work experience as a multidimensional predictor of both initial newcomer performance and the rate of performance change after team entry. We tested hypotheses using longitudinal newcomer performance data in the context of professional basketball teams. Although the traditional quantitative indicators of the length and amount of work experience were not meaningfully associated with newcomer performance adjustment, their interaction was. In addition, the qualitative indicator of newcomers' past transition experience revealed a significant, positive association with the rate of newcomer performance improvement following team entry. These results suggest that work experience is a meaningful facilitator of newcomer adjustment in teams and emphasize the dual consideration of both quantitative and qualitative work experiences. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈日常安全工作的两个“五”

从安全管理的思维方式入手,具体地落实到如何使安全教育、督导等工作在实际生产过程中发挥其应有的效果,以保证安全生产和生产安全。     

恒压变频调速给水方式在民用建筑的问题

恒压变频调速给水方式已普遍被采用,但作为应用在民用建筑供水上的新方式,对其深入研究不多。导致实际使用效果参差不齐。指出了恒压变频调速方式应用在民用建筑供水上出现的问题,详细分析了出现问题的原因,并提出了解决办法。     

根据循证医学理论和方法研制我国的《非常规工作制条件下职业接触限值调整指南》

对我国现行的职业接触限值及其制订依据进行梳理,系统研究美国、加拿大等国家职业接触限值调整的原理及方法,根据循证医学的理论和方法,确定我国《非常规工作制条件下职业接触限值调整指南》的制定依据、基本框架,梳理重要术语以及核心技术参数等,并对722种化学有害因素进行分类,包括修改魁北克模型第三版中73种物质的分类,比较核对我国现行职业接触限值标准（GBZ2.1-2007）,依据GBZ2.1的编制说明以及其他相关资料,补充魁北克模型中尚未涵盖的36种物质及其分类,在此基础上,进一步讨论《指南》解决的核心问题及需进一步配套进行的科学研究。     

青岛市不同下垫面微生物气溶胶分布特征

分别在青岛市市区街道、海滨区域、饮用水水源地、城市垃圾填埋场和人工湿地污水处理厂设置监测点,分析比较不同下垫面空气细菌和真菌浓度、日变化和粒径分布. 结果表明:5个下垫面空气细菌浓度依次为城市垃圾填埋场>市区街道>饮用水水源地>海滨区域>人工湿地污水处理厂,真菌浓度依次为城市垃圾填埋场>人工湿地污水处理厂>饮用水水源地>市区街道>海滨区域,其中城市垃圾填埋场空气细菌和真菌浓度最高,分别为(613.1±68.9)、(1300.4±74.3)CFU/m3,其他下垫面空气的细菌和真菌浓度分别在(155.5±14.2)～(596.6±396.4)和(401.9±78.7)～(994.7±63.4)CFU/m3之间. 海滨区域空气细菌浓度下午明显高于上午和中午,其他下垫面表现为上午>下午>中午,但无显著性差异;市区街道、饮用水水源地、人工湿地污水处理厂的空气真菌浓度日变化表现为上午>中午>下午,城市垃圾填埋场则始终升高,除人工湿地污水处理厂和城市垃圾填埋场不同时段间空气真菌浓度有显著性差异外,其余下垫面无显著性差异. 细菌气溶胶粒径分布为F1级(粒径>7.0μm)最高,呈偏态分布;真菌气溶胶粒径呈对数正态分布,除城市垃圾填埋场峰值出现在F3级(3.3~4.7μm)外,其余下垫面均出现在F4级(2.1~3.3μm). 不同下垫面细菌气溶胶中值直径在2.8~4.6μm,存在差异;而不同下垫面空气真菌气溶胶中值直径均在2.0μm左右,无显著性差异.      

草、藻型湖泊水体生态及理化特性的实验对比

2006年9月,根据营养水平和种植水草的差异设计了6个浅水湖泊模拟系统,实验用水草为菹草(Potamogeton crispusLinn.)和马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus-Miq).在15个月实验期间,通过多次监测各系统的景观外貌和水质,对草、藻型湖泊生态及理化特性的差异进行研究,得出以下结论:(1)草、藻型系统分别对应清水和浊水2种状态,景观外貌差异很大.(2)水草可使湖泊系统维持在清水状态,在一定条件下,甚至可使富营养化湖泊维持在清水状态;但是水草腐烂分解等也可使水质迅速恶化,甚至引起湖泊草、藻状态的转变;关键在于,对于不断变化的环境条件,系统内水草能否健康生长.(3)由于营养和生产力水平低,贫营养系统的水质指标随时间变化较小,草、藻型系统间的差异不明显,DO变化范围分别为8.1～14.4 mg·L~(-1)、7.5～11.6 mg·L~(-1),pH 8.71～9.89、8.25～9.22,TP 0.006～0.012 mg·L~(-1)、0.006～0.053 mg·L~(-1),TN 0.11～0.71 mg·L~(-1)、0.10～0.83 mg·L~(-1),NH_4~+-N 0.01～0.17 mg·L~(-1)、0.01～0.26 mg·L~(-1),PO_4~(3-)-P 0.002～0.012 mg·L~(-1)、0.000～0.008mg·L~(-1).(4)由于水草和藻类的大量生长等,中营养与富营养系统湖水的DO、pH、水温和NH_4~+-N的日变化明显,日变化曲线呈“⌒”形,且具有季节性变化规律;由于水草向底泥中输氧气等原因,与藻型湖泊相比,草型湖泊水中TP、TN和NH_4~+-N的浓度较低,PO_4~(3-)-P浓度较高,草、藻型系统的TP均值分别为0.16、0.51 mg·L~(-1),TN 1.30、8.32 mg·L~(-1),NH_4~+-N 0.19、0.43mg·L~(-1),PO_4~(3-)-P 0.07、0.01 mg·L~(-1).