Nutrient and Sediment Production,Watershed Characteristics,and Land Use in the Tahoe Basin,California‐Nevada1

Abstract: In efforts to control the degradation of water quality in Lake Tahoe, public agencies have monitored surface water discharge and concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment in two separate sampling programs. The first program focuses on 20 watersheds varying in size from 162 to 14,000 ha, with continuous stream gaging and periodic sampling; the second focuses on small urbanized catchments, with automated sampling during runoff events. Using data from both programs, we addressed the questions (1) what are the fluxes and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus entering the lake from surface runoff; (2) how do the fluxes and concentrations vary in space and time; and (3) how are they related to land use and watershed characteristics? To answer these questions, we calculated discharge‐weighted average concentrations and annual fluxes and used multiple regression to relate those variable to a suite of GIS‐derived explanatory variables. The final selected regression models explain 47‐62% of the variance in constituent concentrations in the stormwater monitoring catchments, and 45‐72% of the variance in mean annual yields in the larger watersheds. The results emphasize the importance of impervious surface and residential density as factors in water quality degradation, and well‐developed soil as a factor in water quality maintenance.     

城市生活垃圾向土壤释放重金属研究

以南京为例,研究了城市生活垃圾对堆放环境土壤中重金属元素含量（总含量、各形态含量）的影响及其量比关系。结果表明,重金属元素在土壤中的含量和形态分布特征受其从垃圾中释放率的影响。自垃圾堆放环境土壤中释放的重金属含量与其有效态部分含量正相关。     

Optimized Coagulation of High Alkalinity, Low Temperature and Particle Water: pH Adjustment and Polyelectrolytes as Coagulant Aids

The Yellow River in winter as source water is characterized as high alkalinity, low temperature and low particle concentrations, which have brought many difficulties to water treatment plants. This study fully examines the optimized coagulation process of the Yellow River by conventional and pre-polymerized metal coagulants, pH adjustment and polyelectrolytes as the primary coagulants or coagulant aids. For all the metal coagulants, polyaluminum chlorides are superior to traditional metal coagulants due to their stable polymeric species and low consumption of alkalinity. The removal of natural organic matter by monomeric metal coagulants can be improved through pH adjustment, which is in accordance with the higher concentration of polymeric species formed at corresponding pH value. With the addition of polyelectrolytes as coagulant aids, the coagulation performance is significantly improved. The effective removal of dissolved organic matter is consistent with high charge density, while molecular weight is relatively important for removing particles, which is consistent with polyelectrolytes as primary coagulants. These results suggest that the coagulation mechanisms in the removal of dissolved organic matter and particles are different, which may be exploited for optimized coagulation for the typical source water in practice.     

江苏省地表水监测断面优化调整的构思

讨论了江苏省地表水监测断面设置存在的问题,从国家级和省级管理层面,提出了全省地表水设置的基本原则和调整对策,共涉及124个国家断面以及499个现行省控断面.重点指出江苏省断面设置要充分结合江苏太湖、长江、淮河三大流域的自然规律和地理特点,满足代表性,突出针对性,保持连续性.     

政府行政权力调整对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响——来自“撤县设区”和“省直管县”改革的经验证据

本研究利用“撤县设区”和“省直管县”改革来刻画行政权力向市级政府的集中和分散，构建双重差分模型，基于地级市面板数据，检验了行政权力调整对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明，行政权力集中加强了市级政府的资源统筹调配能力，通过提高技术创新水平、增加环保支出规模、降低工业产值比重等渠道，显著提升了城市绿色全要素生产率。而行政权力分散的影响效应相反，并不利于城市绿色高质量发展。相较而言，行政权力集中的正效应在政府行为规范度较高、市辖区经济较强的城市表现更突出，行政权力分散的负效应在政府行为规范度较低、县区经济相对较强的城市有着充分体现。对于高行政级别的城市，行政权力调整的影响并不显著。据此，从优化各级政府职能体系，分阶段、分类型，渐进式推进行政管理体制改革等方面提出对策建议。     

基于EOF分解和KZ滤波的2019～2021年中国臭氧时空变化及驱动因素分析

基于我国337个地级行政区2019～2021年的3～8月O₃逐时浓度数据及同期气象数据，使用经验正交函数(EOF)分解，分析了我国O₃浓度的主要空间分布模态变化趋势及其主要气象驱动因素.选取31个省会城市，利用KZ滤波将O₃及气象因子的时间序列分解为短期分量、季节分量和长期分量，结合逐步回归模型，建立O₃与气象要素之间的关系，进而重构“气象调整”后O₃浓度的长期分量时间序列.结果表明，在我国O₃浓度变率的总体空间特征基本稳定的背景下，O₃浓度的第一模态整体呈趋同性变化，即O₃浓度变率的高值区域波动性减弱，低值区域波动性增强.气象调整前后不同城市O₃浓度的变化趋势存在一定差异，大部分城市O₃浓度经调整后的长期分量较调整前更“平缓”.其中，气象因素对石家庄、济南和广州等城市O₃浓度长期变化的影响较大，而前体物排放变化对福州、海口、长沙、太原、哈尔滨和乌...