尾矿坝沉积结构特征与性能演化规律研究进展

为了进一步分析尾矿坝沉积结构特征与性能演化规律,本文综述国内外尾矿沉积规律、物理力学特性、服役性能演化规律及溃坝评价方法等有关尾矿坝安全稳定评价的研究现状,指出当前研究存在的不足.在尾矿库沉积规律的研究中,由于模型试验的流槽尺寸有限、边界效应较强,放矿条件不同,对尾矿沉积分布尚未得出一致性规律.而针对多种因素影响下的尾...     

金沙江干热河谷区地质灾害遥感研究

遥感技术能快速全面、高性价比地获取地表信息,可以从宏观上对区域性地质灾害进行调查,形成对区域性地质灾害分布、规模的定量认识,因此遥感技术已经在国外的地质灾害调查工作中得到了较广泛应用。金沙江德钦段河谷属于典型的干热河谷,遥感技术在该地区的环境地质调查的应用研究,对于西部大开发的工程建设具有很强的实用性。利用3种星载光学遥感影像对这一地区的地质灾害进行了目视解译研究。首先简要介绍了金沙江干热河谷区自然地理、地质和气候环境的特点及其对地质灾害解译产生的影响,其次就本地区的环境地质遥感数据的选择与处理进行了说明,然后配合图片详细分析了研究区主要地质灾害(滑坡、崩塌堆积、泥石流沟和倾倒变形)的解译特征。最后实地考察验证了解译的可行性,并分析总结了存在的不足,提出了利用近红外高光谱提高地质灾害解译研究的设想。     

Deteriorated watersheds can be restored: A case study

A project in west-central Colorado demonstrated that a watershed dissected by a dense gully network can be stabilized and rehabilitated. Check dam systems, aided by improved vegetative cover through reduced cattle grazing and plantings, stabilized not only the structurally treated gullies, but also gullies within the network that were not structurally treated. Comparison with untreated gullies located outside of the project area, showed that the outside gullies widened three times as much as the structurally untreated inside gullies. Statistical analysis indicated that precipitation was normal during the treatment and evaluation period.Check dams decreased gully depth by accumulating sediment deposits. In turn, gully bank stabilization was hastened and alluvial aquifer volumes increased. This increase, plus higher infiltration rates as a result of denser vegetation, led to renewed perennial streamflow after 7 treatment years.Within 11 years after treatment, check dam systems and improved vegetation reduced sediment loads in the flows by more than 90 percent, providing a substantial benefit to farmlands and ponds downstream.From this work we are able to conclude that only part of a gully network requires structural treatment. The mainstem gully, and those tributaries controlling the local base levels of others, are the critical segments that should be structurally treated.     

关于建立我国工业企业系统安全分析的理论与方法体系的研究

基于当前世界各国安全科学研究的新成果、新经验，结合我国近年来各类事故频繁，损失惊人的情况，运用系统科学的思想，提出了“系统安全价值”思想和“大安全”观点。进而探讨了系统失效的识别、预测与控制理论和方法，系统安全投入的优化分析与安全价值分析体系，并通过这一体系，建立或改进我国工业企业系统安全管理模式，提高管理水平，实现系统安全化。     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION-PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF A SLOW DAM BREAK1

ABSTRACT: A two-dimensional model of a dam-break flood wave is developed by simplifying the St. Venant equations to eliminate local acceleration and inertial terms and combining the simplified equations with continuity to form a diffusion type partial differential equation. This model is cascaded with a two point probability estimate scheme to account for uncertainty in the dam break flood hydrograph and channel roughness. The development and application of the probabilistic model is the main contribution of this paper. The approach is applied to a hypothetical dam break of Long Valley Dam on the Owens River above Bishop, California.     

摆动辗压模具的材料选择

分析了摆辗模具的工作原理、失效形式 ,合理地选择材料及制定热处理工艺 ,可以大大提高模具寿命     

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNS FOR STREAMBANK PROTECTION PROJECTS1

ABSTRACT: Streambank protection projects are intended to prevent streambank erosion, thereby preventing streambank failure and maintaining a desirable channel alignment. Streambank erosion is a natural process of unaltered, dynamic river systems, and protection projects seek to impose stability on this natural system. The environmental impacts of such projects are primarily changes to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and to aesthetics. Adverse environmental impacts have been minimized and enhancement of existing habitat and aesthetics have been achieved through the development of new, innovative designs or modifications to existing designs and through use of construction and maintenance practices that promote habitat and aesthetics. Designs based on channel flow characteristics, e.g., revetments using a variety of structural materials, can result in preservation of wildlife habitat by reducing the use of structural protection by matching the erosion potential of flow at the bank with the protection capability of the materials used. Designs based on streambed stabilization prevent bank failure caused by bank undermining, result in preservation or establishment of streamside vegetation, and enhance aesthetics. Protection schemes that manage and preserve floodplains, berms, and riparian areas preserve the natural condition of the floodplain area. Designs based on deflection of erosive flows, e.g., dikes, minimize disturbance to the bank vegetation and create low-velocity aquatic habitats. Use of vegetation for bank protection is most effective when used in combination with structural components. Construction and maintenance practices can be scheduled and modified to minimize impacts to floodplain areas and to enhance wildlife habitat while preserving the integrity of the protection structure.     

差速器螺栓失效行为研究

目的研究车辆差速器螺栓失效原因。方法在化学成分、非金属夹杂物、力学性能、金相组织、断口形貌等检测分析的基础上,研究车辆差速器螺栓的失效行为,推断失效原因。结果差速器螺栓化学成分、氢含量、心部硬度及金相组织、材料抗拉强度及屈服强度等均未见明显异常,断口有明显的疲劳断裂特征,螺纹表层存在脱碳现象,脱碳层深度约为0.07 mm。裂纹起始于螺纹根部,裂纹两侧无脱碳现象,螺纹表面及裂纹内部均未见腐蚀产物。结论由于表面脱碳使得差速器螺栓表面硬度及疲劳强度降低,而螺纹根部存在的应力集中使早期裂纹在螺纹根部产生,并在交变载荷作用下进一步扩展,进而最终导致疲劳断裂。     

某型飞机液压泵安装座螺栓断裂失效分析

目的探究某型飞机液压泵安装座固定螺栓断裂原因。方法通过观察多组螺栓的断口形貌,以及对其进行力学性能测试和材料组织分析。结果螺栓断口边缘无明显的腐蚀氧化特征,有较为明显的氢脆断裂断面特征,螺栓的硬度均超过标准,并未发现有害的夹杂物和磷化物。结论螺栓在制造时可能存在缺陷,硬度超标和除氢不完全是造成断裂的主要原因。并根据分析结果对生产商提出相关建议和检查方向。     

噪声与静压载荷同时作用下飞机壁板试验研究

目的 模拟飞机结构承受静压载荷与噪声载荷时的真实情况,为飞机设计初期阶段设计选型提供试验数据支持。方法 使用压缩空气进行静压加载,模拟噪声与正压、噪声与负压联合加载,并以静压载荷0.06 MPa、噪声载荷151 dB为例,进行了试验验证。结果 在噪声与静压载荷同时作用下,若静压载荷过大,结构会发生塑性变形。结论 提出的飞机选型阶段噪声与静压载荷联合加载的试验方法,实现了噪声与静压(正压与负压)联合加载,并通过飞机壁板声静联合试验,验证了飞机壁板结构的噪声与静压联合试验方法。