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601.
Occurrence of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate in the Korean water system: implication to water intake exposure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim SK Kho YL Shoeib M Kim KS Kim KR Park JE Shin YS 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1167-1173
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) measured in surface running waters indicated the existence of different emission sources in eight main city basins. The tap water reflected the contamination pattern and levels in their corresponding source water basins. The daily intakes through tap water consumption ranged from <0.01 to 0.73 ng kg−1 d−1 for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and <0.01 to 0.08 ng kg−1 d−1 for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). Tap water intake-derived exposure accounted for 8.6%-101% (for PFOA) and while <10% (for PFOS) of total daily exposure, which was estimated from Korean serum concentrations using a pharmacokinetic model. Our findings indicate that tap water intake could be an important contributor to PFOA exposure in Korean populations; accordingly, additional efforts are necessary to improve the removal efficiency of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the water purification process. However, more fundamentally the aim would be to reduce the discharge of PFCs from potential sources within the basin. 相似文献
602.
Distribution and accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigated soils in Hebei, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Chen F Ying GG Kong LX Wang L Zhao JL Zhou LJ Zhang LJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1490-1498
This study investigated the occurrence of 43 emerging contaminants including 9 endocrine-disrupting chemicals and 34 pharmaceuticals in three sites in Hebei Province, north China. Each site has a wastewater irrigated plot and a separate groundwater irrigated plot for comparison purpose. The results showed that the concentrations of the target compounds in the wastewater irrigated soils were in most cases higher than those in the groundwater irrigated soils. Among the 43 target compounds, nine compounds bisphenol-A, triclocarban, triclosan, 4-nonylphenol, salicylic acid, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, trimethoprim and primidone were detected at least once in the soils. Preliminary environmental risk assessment showed that triclocarban might pose high risks to terrestrial organisms while the other detected compounds posed minimal risks. Irrigation with wastewater could lead to presence or accumulation of some emerging contaminants to some extent in irrigated soils. 相似文献
603.
Oxidation of bisphenol F (BPF) by manganese dioxide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bisphenol F (BPF), an environmental estrogen, is used as a monomer in plastic industry and its environmental fate and decontamination are emerging concern. This study focused on the kinetics, influencing factors and pathways of its oxidation by MnO2. At pH 5.5, about 90% of BPF was oxidized in 20 min in a solution containing 100 μM MnO2 and 4.4 μM BPF. The reaction was pH-dependent, following an order of pH 4.5 > pH 5.5 > pH 8.6 > pH 7.5 > pH 6.5 > pH 9.6. Humic acids inhibited the reaction at low (≤pH 5.5) and high pH (≥pH 8.6) at high concentrations. In addition, metal ions and anions also suppressed the reaction, following the order Mn2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ and HPO42− > Cl− > NO3− ≈ SO42−, respectively. A total of 5 products were identified, from which a tentative pathway was proposed. 相似文献
604.
通过对辽宁省丹东市危险化学品、危险源的安全隐患调查,结合实例分析了危险化学品对人身安全、生存环境、社会稳定等方面带来的巨大影响,并提出了相应的预防措施. 相似文献
605.
四溴双酚-A和五溴酚对红鲫甲状腺组织结构的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
将红鲫(Carassius auratus)分别暴露于0.25 mg·l-1四溴双酚A(TBBPA)和0.05 mg·l-1五溴酚(PBP)中6周,采用组织切片的方法,观测红鲫甲状腺滤泡形态结构的变化,并以100 mg·l-1高氯酸钠(NaClO4)和0.25 mg·l-1氯化镉(CdCl2)作为参照,探讨TBBPA和PBP在体时(in vivo)对鱼类甲状腺可能的致毒机理.结果显示,经TBBPA和PBP暴露后,红鲫甲状腺发生了滤泡上皮增厚、细胞肥大和增生等现象,表明这两种溴化阻燃剂均能造成甲状腺结构的损伤.这与NaClO4所引起的甲状腺滤泡的变化非常相似,而与CdCl2所引起的滤泡上皮变薄刚好相反.由此推测,TBBPA和PBP在鱼体内可能引起甲状腺素水平的降低,进而导致甲状腺滤泡细胞的代偿性增生和肥大. 相似文献
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608.
为更有效地设置危险品运输专用车道,在降低运输风险的同时减少专用道对路权的占用,从路网整体出发,以总体出行成本最小、路网运输风险最小和专用道利用率最大为目标,构建双层规划模型;使用NSGA-2算法求解双层规划模型,结合算例网络进行分析,验证模型和算法的有效性.结果表明:模型可综合考虑路网风险和总体出行成本,得到有效的专用... 相似文献
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