危险品物流管理探析

本文针对危险品物流的特殊性,介绍了危险品物流的含义及特点,研究危险品物流的意义,重点探讨了当前我国危险品物流管理中存在的问题,并提出了改进措施和建议,以便更好地促进危险品物流事业的发展。     

长江危险品运输风险下的分类管理方法研究

分析了危险品分类管理的现状及不足。在此基础上,研究了长江危险品运输的分类方法,并提出危险品分类管理的步骤,针对该方法在长江危险品运输的分类管理进行了实践。在危险品运输分类管理的基础上,提出了分类风险管理措施,以提高危险品运输的安全监管能力,改善长江危险品运输的安全监管结构,实现长江危险品运输的安全。     

危险化学品运输风险研究进展及分析

危险化学品的运输风险分析与研究关乎安全运输决策和应急救援方案制定。从4个方面对近20年来国内外涉及危险化学品安全运输的理论和方法进行了评述,即危险化学品安全运输影响因素及事故概率研究、危险化学品运输风险分析评价与模型、危险化学品运输路径选择研究和危险化学品运输事故应急救援。分析了危险化学品运输风险研究所存在的不足,提出了进一步的研究方向。     

辽东湾野生四角蛤蜊性畸变调查

为揭示辽东湾近海海域环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的生物效应与潜在生态风险,利用组织学方法系统调查辽东湾近海海域野生四角蛤蜊性畸变发生情况,并利用GC-MS/MS分析了组织体内典型酚类污染物包括壬基酚(NP)、辛基酚(Op)和双酚A(BPA)的浓度水平.调查结果表明:5月、6月和8月野生四角蛤蜊雌雄同体发生率分别为30%,20%和14%,软体部组织中NP浓度则分别为410.70,254.95,227.15ng/g dw(干重), BPA浓度分别为7.60,4.30,7.05ng/gdw,但是没有检出OP.研究结果表明环境EDCs已经影响了辽东湾海洋生物繁殖系统、并对区域海洋生态系统造成潜在风险.     

环境内分泌干扰化合物干扰胰岛素分泌潜在作用机理

不断升高的糖尿病发病率在全球范围内引起广泛关注,流行病学调查显示糖尿病发病率的增加与环境内分泌干扰化合物使用量增大之间存在显著相关,环境内分泌干扰化合物可能增加糖尿病发病风险,是影响糖尿病的危险因素。在此背景下,综述了环境内分泌干扰化合物暴露与糖尿病发病之间的流行病学关系;环境内分泌干扰化合物暴露对胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌的调节、高胰岛素效应及其潜在的作用机理,表明影响胰岛素分泌是环境内分泌干扰化合物调节代谢,诱发糖尿病的重要作用机制。     

Selection of Bioindicators of Pollution for Marine Monitoring Programmes

The ultimate management concerns related to toxic chemicals in the marine environment are for the magnitude and extent of biological effects, including those on human health, that may result. Over the past several years, the National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has supported the development and application of a number of bioeffects measurements, including biochemical indicators of contaminant exposure and of reproductive status in fish, prevalence of histopathological lesions, toxicity bioassays of sediments and water, and benthic community structural features. Some of these measurements have been applied as part of regular sampling at the nationwide network of NS&T sites, while others have been assessed in more intensive, regional studies. Our experience with different indicators is summarized and discussed in relation to a set of monitoring objectives and evaluation criteria. Current conclusions are: (a) iterative application of controlled laboratory experiments and field validation tests are required to verify causality and mechanisms of biological responses to contaminants; (b) contaminant concentrations, indicator species, and local conditions vary considerably in different areas and at different times, requiring the use of different effects measurements oriented toward specific objectives and hypotheses; and (c) tiered, sequential application of a mix of indicators, including direct measurements on indigenous organisms and indirect bioassay approaches, is useful and effective for estimating the magnitude and spatial extent of contaminant bioeffects.     

Trends and Seasonality in the Nitrate Concentrations and Loads of the Bere Stream (Dorset) for the Period 1966-1986

Neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of the elemental composition of different plants and soils. Variations in concentrations of elements during the day were found. Mean concentrations, standard deviations and relationships between elements in soils and different parts of plants were studied. It was shown that the behaviour of chemical elements in samples from urban and unpolluted areas have significant differences.     

Quantitative structure‐activity relationships of hydrophobic organic chemicals 1

Quantitative structure‐activity relationships of hydrophobic organic chemicals were studied based on equations we established. Results showed that observed toxicity of hydrophobic organic chemicals were correlated to two physical‐chemical parameters: reaction equilibrium constant of target molecule‐organic chemical; octanol/water partition coefficient. Regression results showed that the molecular connectivity index of first‐order was an ideal parameter instead of the equilibrium constant. Good relationships between toxicity data and the two parameters were found for three aquatic organisms with a wide range of chemicals.     

晋江流域工业环境风险评价研究

为了预防由于工业企业危险物质泄漏引发的环境突发事故,保护流域水环境安全.本研究选用基于Seveso III指令模型的方法进行流域环境风险评价研究,并对模型进行适应性改进,选择工业企业分布较为密集的泉州晋江流域进行了示范研究.利用高程、企业分布、危险物质储存量等数据,得到企业内在风险;叠加区域易受损性后得到子区域的环境风险.结果表明,南安市是晋江流域环境风险最高的子区域,风险值高达108,安溪县和泉州市区风险水平居中,晋江市为低度危险子区域.在此基础上,根据评价结果提出了具有针对性的流域环境风险控制建议.     

有毒化学品泄漏事故应急防护行动决策探讨

当发生有毒化学品泄漏事故时,为保护公众和工人的安全和健康,需要快速地选择合适的应急防护行动.通常采用的应急防护行动有疏散、隐蔽、使用个人防护装备和服用解毒剂等.决策者必须权衡大量影响因素间的相互作用,如化学品的释放特征、事故现场的气象条件及影响范围内的人群分布等来进行应急防护行动决策.本文在分析应急防护行动决策过程关键要素的基础上,详细总结了影响应急防护行动决策的因素,介绍了应急决策常用的方法,以便在有毒化学品泄漏事故的应急过程中有效决策,最大限度地减少人员伤亡.