煤矸石中有害微量元素的静态淋溶试验研究

在煤矸石的静态淋溶试验的基础上。研究了7-种有害微量元素的淋溶特性，分析了微量元素析出的影响因素。结果表明，淋溶液最终pH呈弱碱性：元素溶出浓度与淋溶时间，淋溶温度，煤矸石粒径，淋溶液pH值以及元素在煤矸石中的含量，赋存状态、本身性质有密切关系。     

热带滨海景观设施的腐蚀特征及其影响因素简析

目的 研究热带滨海地区景观设施的腐蚀特征及影响因素.方法 通过宏观调查和微区检查的方法,对比分析湛江、珠海和深圳3个典型的热带滨海城市景观设施腐蚀状况的差异,总结热带滨海景观设施的腐蚀特征.结果 缝隙腐蚀和焊缝腐蚀是热带滨海景观设施发生频次最高的腐蚀类型,其中出现缝隙腐蚀的频次平均为66.6％,出现焊缝腐蚀的频次平均为53.2％.随着离海岸距离的增大,景观设施腐蚀程度减小,其中景观设施在200 m发生大面积腐蚀的程度比100 m平均减轻22.1％.景观设施向海面发生严重腐蚀的比例比背海面高,其中景观设施向海面在100 m发生腐蚀比背海面严重,比200 m平均增高10.4％.结论 热带滨海地区景观设施的腐蚀差异与设施离海距离、设施朝向以及热带海洋大气环境要素(相对湿度和大气污染物浓度)密切相关.     

填料型膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化的研究

在膜生物反应器中投加填料可以强化同步硝化反硝化,结果表明:在DO为1～2mg/L,C/N为20左右,pH在7～8.5之间,HRT为15h的条件下COD、NH3-N、TN的去除率能达到97.32%、100%、93.06%。阐述了填料型膜生物反应器的机理。     

扬州市危险废弃物现状及处置措施

通过对扬州市危险废弃物环境管理现状的分析,提出了加强危险废物环境管理的几点措施.     

低氨氮、低碱度废水的亚硝化研究

通过实验室血清瓶培养试验，研究了pH、碱度、FA、FN、HRT等因素对低氨氮、低碱度废水亚硝化过程的影响。研究结果表明：出水的pH值可以通过控制反应器内部的碱度来进行调节。控制进水碱度在113．1～269．7mg／L，HRT为48h，其亚硝酸累积率可达到67．15％。在氨氮亚硝化过程的同时，有部分有机氮也在向亚硝酸盐进行转化。通过污泥亚硝化驯化过程，游离氨对亚硝化单胞菌抑制浓度的临界值可以达到0．96mg／L。     

影响高锰酸盐指数测定的主要因素

影响高锰酸盐指数测定准确性的主要因素有样品酸度、蒸馏水水质、高锰酸钾溶液浓度、水浴加热温度和滴定时间。通过环境标准样品的分析试验，考察这5个因素对高锰酸盐指数的影响程度；     

The three-year monitoring of 18 elements in five edible mushroom species collected from an old orchard

Abstract

The content of Al, As, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms Calocybe gambosa, Entoloma clypeatum, Entoloma saepium, Xerocomellus chrysenteron, and Amanita rubescens growing in an orchard planted with fruit trees and situated close to a high-grown forest was studied during years 2016–2018. A. rubescens showed the highest potential of the element accumulation with bioconcentration factors of 48.5, 16.2, 7.80, 6.53, 1.75, and 1.68 obtained for Rb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Mg, respectively. Both Entoloma species accumulated the elements similarly with bioconcentration factors >1.0 obtained for Rb, Cu, Cd, and Mg. Bioconcentration factors <0.05 were obtained for Al, Cr, Fe, and Pb in all studied species. The contents of beryllium (<0.1?mg/kg dry matter) were always the lowest among the studied elements. The contents of some elements of studied mushroom species significantly fluctuated over the years. Despite the fact that some studied elements (As, Be, Cd, Pb, Ni) are considerably toxic for humans, the pronounced effect on health is not expected if the studied mushroom species are consumed occasionally and do not represent the main component of the diet.     

提高LIFAC法脱硫效率的工程实例

针对LIFAC法脱硫效率低的问题，从吸收剂的涡流循环喷钙装置、增强吸收剂的活性、抑制脱硫产物硫酸钙的高温分解等几个方面进行了剖析，并自制LIFAC法廉价喷钙剂，在佛山华丰纸业有限公司进行中试，取得了脱硫率平均90％以上的效果，最后，作者对该技术的优越性进行了评估。     

光催化氧化技术的研究现状及发展趋势

光催化氧化技术是近几十年来发展起来的一项深度氧化(AOP)污染治理新技术,因其具有降解彻底、无二次污染等优点而倍受人们的瞩目.本文就对它的研究现状和以后的发展做一综述.     

Gas-phase organics in environmental tobacco smoke: 2. Exposure-relevant emission factors and indirect exposures from habitual smoking

Sorption of emitted gas-phase organic compounds onto material surfaces affects environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) composition and exposures indoors. We have introduced a new metric, the exposure relevant emission factor (EREF) that accounts for sorptive uptake and reemission to give the mass of individual ETS constituents available for exposure over a day in which smoking occurs. This paper describes month-long experiments to investigate sorption effects on EREFs and potential ETS exposures under habitual smoking conditions. Cigarettes were smoked in a 50-m³ furnished room over a 3-h period 6–7 days per week, with continuous ventilation at 0.3, 0.6, or 2.1 h⁻¹. Organic gas concentrations were measured every few days over 4-h “smoking”, 10-h “post-smoking” and 10-h “background” periods. Concentration patterns of volatile ETS components including 1,3-butadiene, benzene and acrolein were similar to those calculated for a theoretical non-sorbing tracer, indicating limited sorption. Concentrations of ETS tracers, e.g. 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) and nicotine, and lower volatility toxic air contaminants including phenol, cresols, and naphthalene increased as experiments progressed, indicating mass accumulation on surfaces and higher desorption rates. Daily patterns stabilized after week 2, yielding a steady daily cycle of ETS concentrations associated with habitual smoking. EREFs for sorbing compounds were higher under steady cycle versus single-day smoking conditions by 50% for 3-EP, and by 2–3 times for nicotine, phenol, cresols, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes. Our results provide relevant information about potential indirect exposures from residual ETS (non-smoker enters room shortly after smoker finishes) and from reemission, and their importance relative to direct exposures (non-smoker present during smoking). Under the conditions examined, indirect exposures accounted for a larger fraction of total potential exposures for sorbing versus non-sorbing compounds, and at lower versus higher ventilation rates. Increasing ventilation can reduce indirect exposures to very low levels for non-sorbing ETS components, but indirect routes accounted for 50% of potential nicotine exposures during non-smoking periods at all ventilation rates.