废抛光粉中Si、Al杂质脱除技术研究

为高效回收废抛光粉中的稀土元素,需要预先脱除其中的Si、Al杂质。采用NaOH溶液浸出工艺脱除废抛光粉中的Si、Al杂质,研究了碱比(NaOH与抛光粉质量比)、浸出时间、浸出温度和碱浓度对Si、Al脱除率的影响。结果表明:碱比与浸出时间对Si、Al脱除率影响较大;当浸出温度为90 ℃,碱比为1.0,浸出时间为90 min,NaOH浓度为1.00 mol/L时,Si、Al脱除率分别可达95.37%和97.93%。     

The Relative Influences of Primary and Secondary Particulates to Urban Air Quality in the United Kingdom

This study uses a combination of data from U.K. monitoringstations and from modelling undertaken with the U.K.Meteorological Office's NAME Model to investigate therelative influences of primary and secondary particulateson total PM₁₀ levels at sites in the United Kingdom. Co-located PM₁₀ and sulphate aerosol measurementsindicate that sulphate has a disproportionately largeinfluence on the variation of PM₁₀ levels incomparison to its contribution to their total mass.Comparisons of measured PM₁₀ at urban centre, roadsideand rural sites suggest that local primary sources havevery little influence on daily mean levels. NAME has beenused to model both primary particles and sulphate aerosolfrom sources across the whole of Europe. The discrepanciesbetween modelled and observed PM₁₀ suggest that coarseparticles, such as windblown dust and resuspended roaddust,may comprise a very large, if not dominant, proportion ofobserved PM₁₀ levels. The apparently minor role ofprimary particles (especially locally-sourced ones) raisesa number of issues regarding the suitability of current U.K.and European legislation to addressing the particle problem.     

南充市大气PM10污染水平的分布特征

本文对南充市环境监测站2002年城区5个监测点的PM10监测资料进行了分析。结果发现南充市大气污染物PM10污染严重，并存在明显的空间和季节差异。嘉陵环保局测点污染最严重，西南石油学院和炼油厂测点污染相对较轻；冬季污染最严重，夏季污染程度最小。最后，结合其他相关资料，对造成上述状况的原因作了探讨。     

高负荷活性污泥法中污水有机组分表征

污水有机组分表征是高负荷活性污泥法(HRAS)模型建立的基础。针对经典活性污泥1号模型不适用于HRAS这一问题,提出了相应的双水解模型,即将污水有机组分中水解型有机物分为快速水解型与慢速水解型2种,发现两者水解动力学参数具有明显差异。对原水氧利用速率进行参数拟合,通过灵敏度和共线性分析,估计了快速生物降解型有机物、快速水解型有机物、慢速水解型有机物以及异养菌等4种污水有机组分,探讨了污水有机组分与增加HRAS碳源捕获率的关系。结果表明：以上4种有机组分均可被准确识别,共线性指数γ_K低于经验限值,各组分比例分别为13.9%、11.6%、12.6%和12.8%;从污水组分角度来说,提高HRAS碳源捕获率的3个方向分别为：反应器中的异养菌尽可能将快速生物降解型有机物和快速水解型有机物同化生成细胞物质;避免絮体污泥中的慢速水解型有机物过量水解;抑制异养菌衰减,减少内源呼吸产物的产生。双水解模型对污水有机组分成功表征有助于HRAS的设计、运行及优化。     

阳离子艳红染料的光催化降解

本文研究了以沉淀法制备的TiO2为催化剂，紫外杀菌灯为光源，对阳离子艳红染料进行光催化降解的可行性，结果表明，在实验条件下，本系统对阳离子艳红染料有明显的降解效果，浓度为10mg/L的阳离子艳红染料经过30min的处理，其降解率＞88％，此外，还探讨了溶液初始pH值，催化剂的投加量，光照距离和液层高度等因素对光降解反应的影响。     

广东河源电厂循环水高浓缩倍率试验研究及工程应用

循环冷却系统浓缩排污水是电厂最大的排污水,是节水减排和废水零排放的关键问题之一。以河源电厂为例,分析了电厂进水水质条件;选用了5种水稳剂,采取极限碳酸盐硬度计算浓缩倍率的方法,通过静动态阻垢、防腐与杀菌试验,探明了各种药剂的极限浓缩倍率,论证了河源电厂循环冷却系统10倍以上的浓缩倍率运行方式的可行性。按试验所确定的原则,河源电厂循环冷却水系统按10倍的浓缩倍率运行,一年来未出现腐蚀与结垢现象。分析了实际运行期间的运行数据,对我国循环冷却水处理、节约用水、减少排污具有一定的示范意义。     

江苏省武进市高产水稻田氮素渗漏损失研究

小区试验与农户调查研究结果表明 ,2 87kg/hm2施氮量宜作为武进市高产水稻的适宜施氮量 ,氮肥的过多施用不仅导致秸秆对氮素的奢侈吸收 ,也加重氮肥对渗漏水的污染。进一步降低水稻田施氮水平 ,又保持高产的水稻生产技术尚待开发。     

Using Demographic Invariants to Detect Overharvested Bird Populations from Incomplete Data

Abstract:  Conservation biology must be able to provide guidelines even when available data are incomplete, because data on rare and endangered species are usually limited. For instance, data on the effect of additional—human-induced—sources of mortality on vertebrate populations, such as bycatch of seabirds by longline fisheries, are typically incomplete. The importance of an additional source of mortality can be evaluated by comparing it with the maximum annual growth rate of the species of concern, and various authors have attempted to determine the maximum growth rate from incomplete data. We developed a procedure we call the "demographic invariant method" (DIM). First we determined that the maximum growth rate per generation does not vary, by recalling that it is a dimensionless number primarily independent of body weight and also by empirically establishing its near constancy over a restricted set of bird species for which reliable demographic information was available. This first step provided an implicit function linking generation time and maximum annual growth rate, from which we obtained the maximum annual growth rate as a simple function of generation time. From several different ways of obtaining estimates of generation time, we derived in turn several ways to estimate the maximum annual growth rate of a bird species from incomplete demographic data set. We applied our approach to the Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) and determined from incomplete data that longline fishery bycatch has a biologically significant impact on the growth potential of Black-footed Albatross populations. Our method can be applied broadly to the conservation and management of harvested bird populations.     

库尔勒市PM_(10)与气象条件的关系

利用库尔勒市2006—2013年的PM10监测数据以及同期常规气象资料,使用非参数分析(spearman秩相关系数)方法分析了常规气象要素与PM10浓度的相关关系。结果表明PM10浓度与各气象要素关系密切:气压较高时,PM10浓度易超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级标准;当气温≥20℃时,温度越高PM10浓度超标天数越少,当气温20℃时,较高的气温则不利于PM10的稀释扩散;温度露点差越小,PM10的超标率越大;PM10浓度随风速的增大先降低后增加;降水对PM10有清除作用。     

On the horizontal homogeneity of mass-related aerosol properties

We studied the mass-related aerosol properties, simultaneously attwo sites at the urban roof top level in the same city. Nosystematic influence of the wind vector on the difference in theaerosol concentrations between the two locations could be found.These results are compared with results from a second, similarexperiment over a larger distance including one urban and onerural site. Surprisingly, we could not detect a tendency whichwould indicate that sampling air at distance in the order of 1 kmwould be less affected by the heterogeneity than samplingdistanced in the order of 10 km apart. On the contrary, theresults suggest that mass-related properties at two sites in thesame city are not necessarily more similar than at an urban and arural site outside the city. These results stress the limitedhorizontal homogeneity of urban atmospheric aerosol. As aconclusion it is suggested that single-site measurements of mass-related aerosol properties should be considered to berepresentative for an area smaller than 1 km² on size.