亿元GDP死亡率与区域发展水平的相关性分析

为探讨亿元GDP死亡率与区域发展水平之间的关系,选择能够反映区域整体发展水平,又与安全生产密切相关的影响因素,通过统计年鉴获取大量数据的基础上,从时间和空间2个维度,采用SPSS数据统计软件对亿元GDP死亡率和13个定量影响因素、5个定性影响因素之间的Spearman相关系数进行计算,排除区域发展水平的极度差异,在总体趋势上,亿元GDP死亡率与各相关因素的相关性在时间和空间2个维度上保持较好的一致性。计算结果表明,各地区可从提高经济发展水平、优化产业结构、大力发展科学教育事业、提高医疗卫生水平和健全法制体系等方面降低亿元GDP死亡率,改善当地的安全生产水平,该结论能为各区域控制亿元GDP死亡率,对安全生产进行宏观调控提供科学依据。     

Emotional reactions in women in late pregnancy (24 weeks or longer) following the ultrasound diagnosis of a severe or lethal fetal malformation

We studied the emotional reactions of 41 women in late pregnancy shortly after they had been informed of the diagnosis of ‘severe or lethal fetal malformations’ and 3 months after delivery. In addition, situational variables were explored as determinants of grieving. While grief did not diminish during the study period, psychological instability was less pronounced at 3 months after delivery. More grief reactions were evoked by self-reported easily versus self-reported not easily initiated pregnancy, gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks versus beyond 34 weeks, multiparity versus primiparity, and viewing versus not viewing the baby.     

Fracture Characterization Using Borehole Radar: Numerical Modeling

Forward modeling of borehole radar data for a series of synthetic discrete-fracture network (DFN) models provides a conceptual framework for interpreting experimental field data at fractured rock sites. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) radar wave propagation model was developed for this purpose. Synthetic examples demonstrate the utility of single-hole reflection-mode and cross-hole transmission-mode borehole radar for (1) identification of fracture location and orientation, and (2) identification of fracture pore-fluid properties, which might change as a result of tracer tests or flooding exercises in support of resource development or site remediation. A two-dimensional, synthetic DFN was generated statistically based on hypothetical distributions of fracture length, orientation, aperture, permeability, and inter-connectivity. The DFN includes a zone of permeable fractures embedded within a network of lower-permeability fractures and a low-permeability rock matrix. We modeled the unconnected and non-permeable fractures as being filled with freshwater. To simulate tracer experiments, contaminant releases, or engineered-remediation processes, we considered alternately the inter-connected, permeable fractures to be filled with freshwater air, or saline water (tracer). Synthetic radar data sets for both single-hole reflection and cross-hole transmission modes were generated. The features in synthetic radargrams were then examined and compared to the DFN model to evaluate the likelihood of identifying fracture location, orientation, and pore fluid in field situations. This comparison demonstrates that (1) the replacement of freshwater with saline water in permeable fractures generally increases the amplitude of reflections from permeable, connected fractures; and (2) in general, radar reflection-mode data contains more information about fracture properties than transmission-mode data.     

衰减全反射红外光度法测定油含量的研究

介绍了衰减全反射红外光度法的基本原理以及计算该方法的定量分析依据一衰势波穿透深度。利用该方法测定系列样品的吸光度,绘制出标准曲线（相关系数r=0．99）,以测定四氯化碳中未知混合油含量,并与透射红外光度法比较。结果表明：该法可做为国标法的参考方法。     

利用分子生物等技术确定活性污泥硝化细菌的衰减特征

通过常规耗氧速率（OUR）测定方法、荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）和LIVE/DEAD细胞活性实验,分别研究了序批式反应器（SBR）硝化系统和生物营养物去除（BNR）系统中硝化细菌的好氧衰减特征.实验结果表明,SBR硝化系统中硝化细菌在衰减过程中由细胞死亡引起的衰减分别占细胞总衰减的33%（SRT=10 d）和50%（SRT=40 d）;相应地,由活性降低引起的衰减分别占细胞总衰减的67%（SRT=10 d）和50%（SRT=40 d）.长SRT可能会选择出能够更好地适应饥饿状态的硝化菌种,使细菌能够迅速地做出紧迫反应,从而降低其衰减速率.在BNR系统中（SRT=15 d）,硝化细菌在衰减过程中由细胞死亡引起的衰减约占细胞总衰减的45%,由活性降低引起的衰减约占细胞总衰减的55%.两种系统中硝化细菌由细胞死亡引起的衰减比例不同是由于两种系统中不同微生物组成所致.     

社会可接受的地震人员死亡率研究

确定最佳或最合理的设防标准时,应在保证地震安全和谋求最佳经济效益二者之间进行权衡、既要保证地震人员伤亡降低一个社会可接受的水平之下,又要使所获得的经济效益最大。本文根据我国几次大地震的资料,建立了地震人员死亡率与房屋倒塌率之间的经验关系。在分析设防后地震人员伤亡水平与其它灾害和事故造成的人员伤亡水平的基础上,对确定社会可接受的地震人员死亡率作了探讨。     

Nervous signs of salt poisoning in Wistar rats

Acute salt poisoning in animals leads to inflammation, gastroenteritis, and diarrhea. Neurological signs include blindness, muscular paralysis, deafness, and general weakness. In this study, nervous signs of salt poisoning in rats were examined. Twenty five Wistar rats, weighing 200 ± 20 g, were allocated randomly to five groups: 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% salt solution and control group drank tap water. Following salt solution consumption, physical and neurological examinations were performed twice daily. One percent salt solution did not produce significant neurological signs, whereas consuming 2% salt solution was associated with different nervous system effects including muscle tremor, lethargy, hyperreflexia, imbalance in movement, and rotatory rhythmic movements. Consumption of 3% and 4% salt solutions led to reduction in hearing acuity, deafness, blindness, lethargy, severe complications, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality in a period less than one week. Consuming salt solutions higher than 1% was associated with continuous water loss, dehydration, and weight loss and concordant with these changes, hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity occurred. Decrease in sensitivity to stimuli, irritability, disorientation and incoordination, involuntary movements, ataxia, sensory and motor disturbances, blindness, weakness, respiratory distress, colonic seizures and coma, sudden and unexplained deaths were observed in affected animals.     

炭化苹果枝通过减少土壤DTPA-Cd降低苹果砧木镉积累和镉伤害

为探究炭化苹果枝对苹果砧木镉积累和镉伤害的影响,以盆栽苹果砧木（平邑甜茶）实生苗为试材,在施有0.5%和1%（质量分数）的炭化苹果枝的盆土中灌入含镉（CdSO₄）营养液,分析盆土中二乙烯三胺五乙酸（diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid,DTPA）所提取镉（DTPA-Cd）及根茎叶镉含量,检测根系和叶片抗氧化酶活性和根系细胞死亡情况以及叶片光合速率.结果表明,施用炭化苹果枝的盆土DTPA-Cd含量显著低于未施用炭化苹果枝的,其中施用0.5%和1%的炭化苹果枝使盆土DTPA-Cd含量在处理第12 d分别比未施的降低17.50%和25.55%;施入炭化苹果枝明显降低苹果砧木根茎叶镉积累量,提高根系和叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,降低根系和叶片·O₂^-生成速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量,还降低根系细胞死亡比率,提高叶片光合速率,其中施用（ω）0.5%和1%的炭化苹果枝使根系镉含量在处理第12 d分别比未施的降低29.49%和37.18%,使根细胞死亡比率分别比未施的降低22.73%和29.09%.这些说明施用炭化苹果枝可通过降低土壤DTPA-Cd含量,减少苹果砧木对镉的吸收和积累,减轻根系细胞以及叶片光合性能所受到的伤害,施用1%的比施用0.5%的效果更显著.     

中美消防员殉职原因的对比研究

根据中美两国2000-2014年消防员伤亡数据,从伤亡数量、事故类型、殉职原因等方面进行对比分析。结果表明:从接警次数与牺牲人数比、每10万起火灾死亡人数比来看,中国高于美国;两国由于火场作业造成的消防员牺牲人数最多,发生事故数量最多;中国消防人员殉职主要原因是建筑物坍塌、爆炸、交通事故,故在灭火救援作业中,防止建筑物倒塌事故、提高消防员的应急避险能力及培养消防员安全意识是中国消防员急需加强的能力。研究成果对进一步强化消防队伍能力建设、减少消防人员伤亡有一定指导意义。     

Plant cell death and cellular alterations induced by ozone: key studies in Mediterranean conditions

An account of histo-cytological and ultrastructural studies on ozone effect on crop and forest species in Italy is given, with emphasis on induced cell death and the underlying mechanisms. Cell death phenomena possibly due to ambient O₃ were recorded in crop and forest species. In contrast, visible O₃ effects on Mediterranean vegetation are often unclear. Microscopy is thus suggested as an effective tool to validate and evaluate O₃ injury to Mediterranean vegetation. A DAB-Evans blue staining was proposed to validate O₃ symptoms at the microscopic level and for a pre-visual diagnosis of O₃ injury. The method has been positively tested in some of the most important crop species, such as wheat, tomato, bean and onion and, with some restriction, in forest species, and it also allows one to gain some very useful insights into the mechanisms at the base of O₃ sensitivity or tolerance.