云南省社会环境监测发展思考

随着事业单位分类改革的不断推进,现有各级环境监测站将成为从事公益服务的事业单位。目前其承担的社会委托性监测工作必将逐步分离出来,并交由社会环境监测机构完成。当前在云南省应运而生的社会环境监测机构在区域分布、人才、技术及监督管理上存在许多困难和问题。应积极引导和支持他们不断发展,使其成为各级环境监测能力的有效补充,成为为社会和环境管理提供服务的可靠力量。     

臭氧和PM2.5对慢阻肺死亡影响及气温修饰效应

采用广义相加模型评估臭氧和细颗粒物（PM_2.5）暴露对2008~2017年上海浦东居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）死亡的超额危险度（ER）和寿命损失年（YLL）的影响.结果表明：臭氧污染集中在4~6月,PM_2.5污染集中在12月、1~2月,10a间臭氧浓度逐年增加,PM_2.5有小幅下降;在最大滞后效应下,臭氧每增加10μg/m³,ER和YLL分别为1.34%（95% CI：0.57%~2.12%）和54.98（95% CI：16.36~106.41）人·a;PM_2.5每增加10μg/m³,两者分别为2.66%（95% CI：1.54%~3.79%）和130.92（95% CI：42.47~274.28）人·a;臭氧对男性和<85岁人群影响显著,PM_2.5对女性和³85岁人群影响显著;暖季时臭氧暴露相关的COPD死亡风险更高,冷季时PM_2.5暴露相关的COPD死亡风险更高.臭氧和PM_2.5致COPD死亡的影响可能因气温水平而异.     

浮游植物程序性细胞死亡研究进展

浮游植物是水生生态系统的基础,在生物地化循环中起着非常重要的作用,浮游植物的死亡势必引起水生生态系统的改变。近年来的研究表明,浮游植物的死亡是浮游植物水华衰退的一个重要原因。浮游植物中是否存在与后生动物类似的程序性细胞死亡（Programmed cell death,PCD）途径,也因此成了一个热点问题。文章对近年来浮游植物死亡表型、PCD生化证据、诱发条件、分子基础方面研究进行了总结。大量证据表明,浮游植物中存在类似细胞凋亡、类凋亡、自噬等途径的PCD,但Caspase基因除具有死亡执行者功能外,还可能具有看家功能。活性氧（ROS）和一氧化氮（NO）在浮游植物PCD过程中可能起到死亡信号分子的作用。部分浮游植物的PCD可以改善种群生存,但其生态学意义总体而言仍存在许多争论。     

采用模拟试验方法对一起一氧化碳中毒死亡事故的分析

运用模拟试验的方法查清了一起CO中毒死亡事故的原因,查明了事故的直接责任者,确定了石灰窑停窑操作的关键步骤,为今后避免类似事故提供参考.     

Engineering properties of asphalt concrete made with recycled glass

Taiwan is an island nation with high population density: 23 million people living in a total land area of 30 000 sq. km. The island has transformed from an agricultural society to an industrial one in the past three decades. Coming with the transformation is a cumulated waste problem. Taiwan produces nearly 5 million tons of waste each year, of which 10% is of glass materials. Bureau of Highway Department funded a research program to investigate ways of recycling the glass waste. This report presents information on the program and laboratory/field test data. Materials used in the test program included 85/100 asphalt, Type II modified asphalt, and treated glass waste. Four glass contents: 0, 5, 10, and 15%, in terms of the total aggregate weight, were used in the mixture designs for casting series of 10 cm diameter by 6.35 cm disk specimens. Tests including Marshall stability value, dry/wet moisture damage, skid resistance, light reflection, water permeability, and compaction were carried out in accordance with the ASTM and AASHTO procedures. The test results reveal that glass waste is a viable material for asphalt concrete that has been widely used in pavement that offers profound engineering and economic advantages.     

建筑业中重大伤亡事故的MORT分析

在安全系统工程理论中，人们已经研究了数十种系统安全分析方法，但是只有管理疏忽和危险树（ＭＯＲＴ）这种分析方法是把分析的重点放在管理缺陷上。而当前建筑业中造成重大伤亡事故的最本质的原因是管理上的原因。笔者试图用ＭＯＲＴ分析方法，将当前建筑业中导致重大伤亡事故的管理上的缺陷发掘出来，以期找到控制重大伤亡事故的途径。     

回归反射材料光度测试探讨

本文根据回归反射材料所特有的反光性能,对其三种测试方法及可能出现的影响测试结果的因素进行了分析讨论,为测试系统的设计、测试方法和仪器的选择及测试结果的不确定度评估提供参考。     

强度调制型光纤液体浓度检测传感器研究

根据全反射原理．菲涅尔公式及朗伯-比尔定律,证明了低浓度溶液与折射率和吸光度之间的线性关系,得到了光纤出射光强随液体包层浓度成负指数关系。根据上述结果,利用光的强度调制进行溶液浓度检测,即通过测量光强的变化,检测出待测溶液浓度。实验表明,强度调制光纤传感器可以实现溶液浓度检测。     

大气颗粒物中碳组分测定结果比较:元素分析和热光反射方法

采用元素分析(EA)和热光反射(TOR)2种方法对108个大气颗粒物样品(PM10和PM2.5)中的碳组分同步进行测定,分析2组测量结果的差别,并从原理上阐述2种方法的异同和优缺点.结果表明,EA法所得的ρ(TC)和ρ(OC)分别是TOR法测得的ρ(TC)和ρ(OC)的1.52和1.15倍.造成ρ(TC)结果相差很大的主要原因可能是2种方法的升温程序和控温时间不同,检测器不同;通过"归一化"讨论,从ρ(TC)和ρ(OC)测定结果上验证了EA法和TOR法在原理上的区别.为碳数据分析比较提供了一种思想,即通过TOR法测得的裂解碳(OP)在OC中的质量分数来校正EA法测得的ρ(OC);虽然EA法和TOR法对OC和EC的定量分析存在一定差别,但2种方法测出的ρ(OC)和ρ(EC)在季节分布规律上相同.     

The power of reflection for would-be leaders: Investigating individual work reflection and its impact on leadership in teams

This paper examines the key role that individual work reflection plays in facilitating individuals' leadership in teams. Consistent with the functional perspective on leadership, we argue that individual work reflection allows individuals to better understand their team's needs, and therefore enact higher levels of task-, relational-, and change-oriented leadership behaviors and be more effective leaders in their teams. We first conducted a series of measure development studies to validate a measure of individual work reflection comprising four dimensions of reflection at work: goals-, methods-, relationships-, and self-focused reflection. Then, across two independent studies assessing individuals in self-managing teams over time, we found support for our theoretical model linking individual work reflection to peer-rated leadership behaviors (Main Studies 1 and 2) and leadership effectiveness (Main Study 2). In further support of our theorizing, Main Study 2 also indicates that individual work reflection shapes leadership behaviors and effectiveness via understanding the team's needs, beyond a wide range of related constructs (e.g., feedback seeking, mindfulness, and rumination), as well as commonly studied predictors of leadership behaviors (i.e., the Big Five). Our theory and empirical findings help advance insights on the role of individual work reflection in improving leadership outcomes in organizations.