危机管理与员工疲劳预防

笔者通过课题小组所做的调查统计以及国内几家知名咨询公司发布的统计结果,强调员工工作疲劳问题的普遍性和严重性。在分析其原因及危害的基础上,论述国家及企业应从危机管理紧迫性的高度,实施带有战略性、系统性和全局性的员工工作疲劳防范对策;并为研究和预防疲劳提出包括借鉴日本疲劳研究经验在内的几点建议。同时呼吁:政府应采取必要措施,在提高国民健康素质、减少"疲劳"或"过劳"人群、遏制"过劳死"现象的频发方面发挥主导作用。     

长期铅暴露对小鼠胸腺细胞活化后诱导细胞凋亡的影响

为探讨铅暴露对小鼠胸腺T细胞活化后诱导细胞凋亡的影响,将24只健康初断乳21日龄清洁级雄性KM小鼠随机分为4组:对照(蒸馏水)组和低(200 mg·L-1)、中(400 mg·L-1)、高(800 mg·L-1)剂量乙酸铅染毒组,每组6只.采用自由饮水方式进行染毒,连续染毒12周.染毒结束后,分离胸腺细胞,采用脂质体介导法将NFκB、AP-1、NFAT的荧光素酶报告基因转染到胸腺T细胞,刺激48 h后,检测荧光素酶活性.刺激胸腺细胞后,采用流式细胞仪检测凋亡相关膜分子Fas、FasL活性及细胞凋亡率.结果表明,与健康对照组小鼠相比,中、高剂量铅暴露组小鼠胸腺T细胞膜表面Fas及FasL表达明显增强(p＜0.05),细胞凋亡率明显增加(p＜0.05);相对于刺激前,anti-CD3刺激后各组小鼠胸腺T细胞的NFκB、AP-1、NFAT转录活性明显增加(p＜0.05),Fas/FasL的表达明显增强(p＜0.05),细胞凋亡率明显增加(p＜0.05),但相对于刺激后健康对照组,各剂量铅暴露组小鼠胸腺T细胞3种核因子转录活性明显下降(p＜0.05),Fas及FasL表达明显减弱(p＜0.05),细胞凋亡率明显降低(p＜0.05),且随着染铅剂量增加,均呈现下降趋势.     

某市辖区建筑施工死亡事故统计分析及对策

以某市安监局2001-2009年之间查处的工矿商贸类死亡事故统计数据为基础,根据系统工程的原理,应用数理统计的方法,用统计图显示出该市的安全生产状况;并着重对建筑施工死亡事故的事故类型、事故原因、施工工程承包形式以及死亡人员的用工形式等进行详细的统计分析,展现出该市建筑行业的安全状况。可以看出,该市近几年安全生产形势严峻,死亡事故数及死亡人数都呈上升趋势。建筑行业传统的＂五大伤害＂仍然是该市建筑施工死亡事故的主要类别,建筑施工项目分包以及农民工的安全管理势在必行。最后分析该市建筑施工安全生产中存在的主要问题,并从政府宏观监管和企业管理角度对该市的建筑施工安全管理提出相应对策和建议。     

基于无偏灰色模型的煤矿百万吨死亡率预测

为预测中国煤炭行业安全生产状况发展趋势,构建无偏灰色预测模型对我国煤矿百万吨死亡率数据进行模拟预测。通过对我国2005—2010年度煤炭行业的百万吨死亡率有关数据进行模拟,并与传统的灰色GM(1,1)模型的预测模拟结果进行对比分析。计算结果表明:无偏灰色模型消除了传统GM(1,1)模型本身固有偏差,预测精度较高,分析结果可靠,其中,平均绝对误差为0.030 6%,平均相对误差为2.71%,均低于传统GM(1,1)模型。预测数据显示近年来我国煤矿百万吨死亡率正逐步下降,2011年和2012年分别降至0.536%和0.411%,符合煤矿安全生产"十二五"规划要求。     

Hydrops fetalis and neonatal death from human parvovirus B19: an unusual complication

A case of prenatally diagnosed human parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) infection is reported. The neonate died after intrauterine therapy and premature delivery. The fetus was diagnosed with oedema, cardiomegaly, poor myocardial contractility and a pericardial effusion at 24/40 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound using colour flow Doppler showed a midcerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA PSV) raised at 45 cm/s, suggesting fetal anaemia. This was confirmed on fetal blood sampling, but recovery was suggested with a reticulocyte count of 16.8%. The fetal karyotype was normal, 46,XY. Fetal IgM was positive for Parvovirus. A week later, severe fetal anaemia was suspected and intrauterine transfusion carried out. Altogether three transfusions were given. At 31/40 weeks, the mother presented to her local hospital with suspected preterm labour, a caesarean section was carried out because of fetal compromise on cardiotocography. The baby was in poor condition at birth and resuscitation was stopped at 45 min of age. The post-mortem examination confirmed the hydrops and proved persistent Parvovirus infection, cardiac involvement and severe liver fibrosis. HPVB19 generally follows a benign course with intrauterine therapy; however, in this case, the fetus died despite successful transfusions. The reasons for this are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

运用图析法探求麻阳铜矿工亡事故的规律

运用图析法,以麻阳铜矿为例,选取了影响工亡事故的?种因素进行分析,探求其发生规律,为进行安全决策提供依据。     

Cardiotocographic and sonographic findings in two cases of antenatally diagnosed intrauterine fetal brain death

Intrauterine fetal brain death is a rare cause of a fixed fetal heart rate pattern. Seven cases have been previously reported in the literature, but only two of them were diagnosed prenatally and all the newborns died soon after delivery. Two additional cases of antepartum diagnosis of intrauterine fetal brain death, managed expectantly, are reported. We had the unique opportunity to document progressive sonographic cerebral changes during the follow-up period, following the neurological event, while the fetus continued life and growth in utero. The cardiographic and sonographic findings suggesting intrauterine fetal brain death were a prolonged fixed fetal heart rate, even following a vibroacoustic and contraction stress test; an atonic fetus without breathing and body movement; and the appearance of hydramnios and the development of ventriculomegaly.     

建筑施工区域风险研究

根据国内建筑施工过程现状和作业特点,以及国内外学者对建筑施工过程中风险的研究,考虑到建筑施工区域不但面临单体建筑施工的各种风险,还必须克服单体施工过程中时空上相互干扰而带来的风险,构建了单体建筑风险分析模型、确定单体建筑风险的影响梯度、提出建筑施工区域总风险计算方法。示例分析表明,该风险分析模型和计算方法,可以全面系统地预测区域内风险的分布及其变动情况,有助于实施有针对性的风险预防和控制措施,有益于提高建筑施工区域全过程的安全管理水平。