厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养过程微生物群落结构及多样性

为深入理解厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养过程微生物群落变化特征,采用ASBR反应器进行厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养,考察了不同培养时间微生物群落组成、多样性及物种网络关系.结果表明,通过逐步提高基质浓度,实现了厌氧氨氧化菌富集,NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N去除率分别为97.6%和95.4%,总氮去除率为84.9%.高通量测序发现,整个培养过程优势菌门（相对丰度>5%）为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、装甲菌门（Armatimonadetes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）;富集培养获得的主要厌氧氨氧化菌为Candidatus Brocadia,相对丰度从1.42%增长到24.66%;培养过程,微生物群落优势菌群组成未发生变化,但相对丰度呈现显著差异（P<0.05）.富集培养过程不同时间,微生物群落α多样性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且存在显著差异（P<0.05）;微生物群落β多样性在富集培养过程发生明显空间分异特征,且存在显著差异（R=0.5672,P<0.01）.培养过程不同时间,物种网络密度分别为0.188、0.068、0.059、0.18和0.0735;虽然富集培养过程导致微生物间的关联作用变弱,但浮霉菌门相关类群的物种成为网络中的主要节点.     

Assessment of deep aquifer groundwater quality in a geographically unique climatic region of Southern Western Ghats,India using water quality indices

Water quality index (WQI) models are generally used in hydrochemical studies to simplify complex data into single values to reflect the overall quality. In this study, deep groundwater quality in the Chittur and Palakkad Taluks of the Bharathapuzha river basin of Kerala, India, was assessed by employing the WQI method developed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). The assessment of overall water quality is indispensable due to the specific characteristics of the study area, such as geography, climate, over-drafting, and prevalent agricultural practices. Forty representative samples were collected from the study area for monsoon (MON) and pre-monsoon (PRM) seasons. The results showed a general increase of contents from MON to PRM. The major cations were spread in the order Ca²⁺>Na+>Mg²⁺>K⁺ and the anions HCO₃⁻>Cl⁻>CO₃²⁻ based on their relative abundance. Among various parameters analysed, alkalinity and bicarbonate levels during MON were comparatively high, which is indicative of carbonate weathering, and 90% of the samples failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017)/Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2012) drinking water guidelines. The CCME WQI analysis revealed that nearly 50% of the samples during each season represented good and excellent categories. The samples in the poor category comprised 10% in MON and 15% in PRM. The overall WQI exhibited 15% of poor category samples as well. The spatial depiction of CCME WQI classes helped to expose zones of degraded quality in the centre to eastward parts. The spatial and temporal variations of CCME WQI classes and different physicochemical attributes indicated the influence of common factors attributing to the deep groundwater quality. The study also revealed inland salinity at Kolluparamba and Peruvamba stations, where agricultural activities were rampant with poor surface water irrigation.     

Near-term forecasts of stream temperature using deep learning and data assimilation in support of management decisions

Deep learning (DL) models are increasingly used to make accurate hindcasts of management-relevant variables, but they are less commonly used in forecasting applications. Data assimilation (DA) can be used for forecasts to leverage real-time observations, where the difference between model predictions and observations today is used to adjust the model to make better predictions tomorrow. In this use case, we developed a process-guided DL and DA approach to make 7-day probabilistic forecasts of daily maximum water temperature in the Delaware River Basin in support of water management decisions. Our modeling system produced forecasts of daily maximum water temperature with an average root mean squared error (RMSE) from 1.1 to 1.4°C for 1-day-ahead and 1.4 to 1.9°C for 7-day-ahead forecasts across all sites. The DA algorithm marginally improved forecast performance when compared with forecasts produced using the process-guided DL model alone (0%–14% lower RMSE with the DA algorithm). Across all sites and lead times, 65%–82% of observations were within 90% forecast confidence intervals, which allowed managers to anticipate probability of exceedances of ecologically relevant thresholds and aid in decisions about releasing reservoir water downstream. The flexibility of DL models shows promise for forecasting other important environmental variables and aid in decision-making.     

Military humanitarian and disaster governance networks in Southeast Asia: framework and analysis

Behind humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) efforts are governance networks of actors working together to facilitate, coordinate, and deliver joint aid and response initiatives. Militaries are key stakeholders in these networks because of their unique capabilities, particularly in Southeast Asia. This paper explores the role of military governance networks in shaping HADR affairs. It presents a framework for examining military-to-military relational structures in humanitarian and disaster contexts using network theory and social network analysis. It also assesses the nature of military ties and their influence on two capability areas essential to humanitarian activities in the region: (i) the distribution of military assets and equipment used in HADR; and (ii) the coordination of HADR exercises and training. This paper seeks to provide insights into how governance network features and properties affect the capacity of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) militaries to use available resources efficiently and to achieve shared objectives in regional disaster response.     

基于ICEEMDAN和MC-CNN的矿山声发射信号识别分类方法

为精准识别地下矿山声发射事件,采用基于改进的完全集合经验模态分解模型(ICEEMDAN)和多通道卷积神经网络(MC-CNN)模型对声发射信号进行处理后得到分量图,根据各通道输入分量峭度值赋予不同权重,并利用卷积神经网络对输入数据进行训练,最终采用五折交叉实验方法验证该分类识别方法的可行性及有效性.结果表明:基于ICEE...     

基于U-Net深度神经网络的早期火灾烟雾自动分割方法

在火灾事件监测中,为了减少数据处理量、加快探测速度,需要先分割出疑似烟雾区域。传统的烟雾分割算法大多需要设置阈值进行处理,算法的环境适应能力还需进一步提升。在研究中,使用U-Net结构的深度神经网络进行早期火灾烟雾的自动分割,通过半自动算法人工辅助分割出烟雾区域的图像样本,基于深度神经网络对分割烟雾区域进行学习,得到原始视频帧到分割结果的映射模型,并据此模型进行烟雾区域分割。在测试集上的分割实验结果表明该方法与传统方法相比,不需要设置阈值,自动化程度更高,分割速度极快,在疑似烟雾区域分割任务中性能较好。     

不同水文情景下白洋淀水体好氧反硝化菌群对水质因子的动态响应

为探究不同水文情景下白洋淀水体好氧反硝化菌群的演变规律和驱动机制,基于水质调查和高通量测序技术,进行了水体水质因子分析、好氧反硝化菌群α多样性分析、物种组成和网络分析.结果表明,白洋淀水体呈弱碱性,丰水期水体T最高,DO最低,冰封期T最低,DO最高.白洋淀水体在枯水期、丰水期、平水期和冰封期下NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N、NO₃ ^--N、TN、高锰酸盐指数、Fe和Mn之间均存在显著差异（P < 0.01）,其中TP在不同水文情景下不存在显著差异（P > 0.05）.不同水文情景下水体中最大的细菌门类为Proteobacteria,相对丰度较高的属为Magnetospirillum、Aeromonas、Pseudomonas、Azospirillum和Bradyrhizobium.此外,好氧反硝化菌群的α多样性均存在显著差异（P < 0.001）,冰封期菌群丰富度最高,枯水期和冰封期菌群的多样性和均匀度最高.经RDA、Mantel分析,菌群的水质驱动因子在不同水文情景下有所差异,枯水期菌群的水质驱动因子为pH、NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N和高锰酸盐指数,丰水期菌群的驱动因子为pH、T、DO、NO₂^--N和TP,平水期的驱动因子为NO₂^--N、Fe和高锰酸盐指数,冰封期菌群的驱动因子为NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N.网络分析表明与水质驱动因子相关的物种存在时间差异,枯水期与水质驱动因子相关的属为Magnetospirillum、Aeromonas和Azoarcus,与丰水期相关的属为Magnetospirillum、Pseudomonas和Aeromonas,与平水期相关的属为Magnetospirillum、Pseudomonas和Limnohabitans,与冰封期相关的属为Magnetospirillum、Azoarcus和Pseudomonas.不同水文情景关键水质因子（主要是T、DO、NO₃^--N和高锰酸盐指数）与好氧反硝化菌群之间的关联关系,随着时间演变也在逐渐发生变化.综上,通过对不同水文情景下白洋淀水体好氧反硝化菌群演变特征及环境因子驱动机制进行研究,可为认识天然环境中好氧反硝化菌群演变机制提供依据.     

Assessing the current state of ecological connectivity in a large marine protected area system

The establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a critical step in ensuring the continued persistence of marine biodiversity. Although the area protected in MPAs is growing, the movement of individuals (or larvae) among MPAs, termed connectivity, has only recently been included as an objective of many MPAs. As such, assessing connectivity is often neglected or oversimplified in the planning process. For promoting population persistence, it is important to ensure that protected areas in a system are functionally connected through dispersal or adult movement. We devised a multi-species model of larval dispersal for the Australian marine environment to evaluate how much local scale connectivity is protected in MPAs and determine whether the extensive system of MPAs truly functions as a network. We focused on non-migratory species with simplified larval behaviors (i.e., passive larval dispersal) (e.g., no explicit vertical migration) as an illustration. Of all the MPAs analyzed (approximately 2.7 million km²), outside the Great Barrier Reef and Ningaloo Reef, <50% of MPAs (46-80% of total MPA area depending on the species considered) were functionally connected. Our results suggest that Australia's MPA system cannot be referred to as a single network, but rather a collection of numerous smaller networks delineated by natural breaks in the connectivity of reef habitat. Depending on the dispersal capacity of the taxa of interest, there may be between 25 and 47 individual ecological networks distributed across the Australian marine environment. The need to first assess the underlying natural connectivity of a study system prior to implementing new MPAs represents a key research priority for strategically enlarging MPA networks. Our findings highlight the benefits of integrating multi-species connectivity into conservation planning to identify opportunities to better incorporate connectivity into the design of MPA systems and thus to increase their capacity to support long-term, sustainable biodiversity outcomes.     

乡村振兴背景下社区居民旅游创业意愿研究——基于分布式认识理论

在乡村振兴背景下,选择兰州市榆中县浪街村社区为研究对象,依托分布式认知理论,构建了居民旅游创业意愿和影响因素模型。结果发现:(1)个人力因素不是形成创业意愿的决定性因素。(2)在地域力方面,大部分居民参与旅游创业的资源条件有限。(3)在文化力方面,领导和以领导为核心的社会关系网是旅游创业意愿形成和转变的决定性因素,并且能够将这种创业意愿转化为创业行为。在研究基础上,提出对策建议:注意培育旅游创业主体,增强现存社区创业能力,争取外部专家与辅助者的支持,以增强乡村旅游发展的可持续性。     

基于贝叶斯网络的基本农田划定方法

基本农田划定是落实耕地保护、保证粮食安全的关键问题。目前,基本农田划定的相关研究多基于对耕地适宜性条件的评价,而未涉及对耕地历史变化过程的考虑,因而不能保证划定结果适应实际区域的耕地变化趋势,导致基本农田易被占用,补划与调整频繁。论文综合考虑耕地适宜性条件与历史动态变化状况,提出了一种基于贝叶斯网络模型的基本农田划定方法。以湖北省大冶市这一典型资源型城市为实验区进行了实例研究,划定结果表明,该划定方法能在保证基本农田划定数量与质量的同时,提高其农业用途的稳定性,促进基本农田保护与经济建设、生态保护间协调发展,是一种有效的划定模型。