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81.
Kenneth G. Maxey Norman H. Starler 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(5):749-759
ABSTRACT: In the past, development of Federal water resource projects depended heavily or exclusively on Federal financing of construction costs. However, pressures on the Federal budget, environmental issues, and the notion that there are economic efficiency gains when beneficiaries of Federal water resource projects increase their cost share are causing changes. The case of the Central Arizona Project Plan 6 is a noteworthy example of the transition to more non-Federal participation in water resource development. This is because the non-Federal financing is to be provided for a project already under construction. The negotiation and terms of the Plan 6 financing agreement between the Department of the Interior and multiple interests in Arizona are used as an example of how Federal water project cost sharing is in a state of transition. The negotiation process is described, a financial analysis is provided, and the terms of the agreement and policy issues that were deliberated in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government are discussed. 相似文献
82.
AHP法在废水治理工程评价中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用层次分析法(AHP)的原理,建立了废水处理工程的评价模型,并结合废水处理的实例进行了研究,结果证明了AHP法是评价废水处理工程的有效方法。 相似文献
83.
84.
Robert B. McKusick J. Herbert Snyder 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(3):431-445
ABSTRACT. Water and related land resource planning has generally been characterized by project evaluation in isolation. Feasible alternatives have been ignored because the economic analysis did not include the interdependence of such subregional and regional variables as factor and product prices and production possibilities. This paper presents an economic framework, consistent with a regional development objective and an efficiency criterion, for proposing and evaluating resource projects. Subregional and regional derived demand curves for water are developed under alternative assumptions of subregional competition, regional market restraints, and yield and price uncertainty. The derivation of water demand curves using the proposed regional framework as compared to sub regional isolation has the desirable properties of (1) a marginal analysis that is more flexible over time is substituted for a static average analysis; (2) range estimates incorporating probabilities are substituted for point estimates; (3) approximations to functional demand curves are substituted for “needs”; and (4) fewer resources are required to meet a regional market restraint. 相似文献
85.
王兴昌 《长江流域资源与环境》1999,8(4):360-364
1997年11月18日,三峡工程大江截流成功,标志着第一期工程结束、进入第二期工程实施阶段。长江三峡水利枢纽具有防洪、发电、航运和供水等巨大综合效益,是跨世纪特大型水利工程。它的建设,不仅对我国能源秘至整个经济布局产生极大的影响,而且对湖北长江经济带的形成与发展具有决定性的意义。 相似文献
86.
南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游工业发展的影响 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
南水北调中线工程计划从丹江口水库向我国北方每年调水145亿m^3,汉江丹江口以下地区的水资源量将随之相应减少。汉江中下游地区是湖北省盐化工、机械、石油、食品、化肥、电力的重要生产地区,是湖北省的汽车工业走廊,其经济在湖北省占有举足轻重的地位。由于经济的迅速发展,下世纪工农业生产和人民生活对水资源的需求将从现在的140亿m^3增加到250亿m^3以上,需水量将达到水资源量的58%,潜伏着严重的水资源 相似文献
87.
对中国防灾减灾立法体系的探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
中国是自然灾害和经济、社会发展中人为突发事件灾害普遍、灾情严重的国家。灾害已直接影响和制约着国家的经济建设、社会发展和公众的安全。要把防灾减灾作为中国的基本国策。为此,必须长远规划和全面制定中国的防灾减灾立法体系,以适应21世纪中国减灾安全与可持续发展的战略任务。本文就编制中国防灾减灾立法体系应遵循的指导方针、基本原则及方案的框架设想全面提出研讨建议。 相似文献
88.
论工业企业生态规划与区域可持续发展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
苗泽华 《中国人口.资源与环境》2003,13(5):107-110
早在19世纪,生态学家就提出了生态规划的思想,20世纪60年代以后,随着环境问题的加剧和环境运动的发展,生态规划受到发达国家的高度重视。利用生态规划的理论对工业企业进行科学的规划不仅是环境保护的客观要求,也是企业自身生存发展的现实需要。要促进工业企业与所在区域环境的和谐、持续与发展,需要树立现代生态观念,综合考虑人与自然的关系,制定并实施生态规划。 相似文献
89.
在宏观生态系统的恢复中,通常关注的层面至多达到个体水平,即只计测个体的存在和测定所关注的可视特征,而忽略了个体的生理反应,特别是在实施恢复生态工程时,大规模地重新构造生物生活资源结构,常常难以估测这种变化对生物的有效性,加之可视生态效果表达的滞后性和可测试的复杂性,常常造成效果遗漏.因此,增加微观(细胞)层面的反应指示指标,可捕捉细微的个体反应,更准确的指征生态效果在个体上实现反应的可能性,这对于丰富恢复生态学理论是具有重大意义的.本文以塔里木河下游生态恢复工程为载体,探索了以内源保护酶系活力变化为指征的个体对生态输水的响应,结果表明超氧歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)不仅对累积输水效果具有指示性,而且对短期水干扰具有敏感的指示性,相关关系也因受水而强化. 相似文献
90.
River systems as providers of goods and services: a basis for comparing desired and undesired effects of large dam projects 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Brismar A 《Environmental management》2002,29(5):598-609
In developing countries, large dam projects continue to be launched, primarily to secure a time-stable freshwater supply and
to generate hydropower. Meanwhile, calls for environmentally sustainable development put pressure on the dam-building industry
to integrate ecological concerns in project planning and decision-making. Such integration requires environmental impact statements
(EISs) that can communicate the societal implications of the ecological effects in terms that are understandable and useful
to planners and decision-makers.
The purpose of this study is to develop a basic framework for assessing the societal implications of the river ecological
effects expected of a proposed large dam project. The aim is to facilitate a comparison of desired and potential undesired
effects on-site and downstream. The study involves two main tasks: to identify key river goods and services that a river system
may provide, and to analyze how the implementation of a large dam project may alter the on-site capacity and downstream potentials
to derive river goods and services from the river system.
Three river goods and six river services are identified. River goods are defined as extractable partly man-made products and
river services as naturally sustained processes. By four main types of flow manipulations, a large dam project improves the
on-site capacity to derive desired river goods, but simultaneously threatens the provision of desirable river goods and services
downstream. However, by adjusting the site, design, and operational schedule of the proposed dam project, undesirable effects
on river goods and services can be minimized. 相似文献