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131.
Fuelwood plays an important role in the rural economy of the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Optimizing energy fixation
in forest trees through high density energy plantations (HDEP), gasification of wood, and conversion of forest tree biomass,
are some of the potential areas whereby additional research and development input for efficient management of atmospheric
carbon in our energy system can be incorporated. For example, the photosynthetic efficiency of forest trees is rarely above
0.5%, which on the basis of theoretical considerations can be increased by up to 6.6%. Thus there is an ample scope to improve
the efficiency up to 1%, which amounts to doubling of the productivity of the forests.
Recent policy changes and experiences with wood-based bio-energy programmes in several countries indicate that woodfuels may
become increasingly attractive as industrial energy sources. Use of biodiesel and the formulation of a project for undertaking
13.4 million ha of Jatropha plantations in India highlight the seriousness with which the Government of India is promoting carbon neutral energy plantations.
The cost of establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production and its conversion to energy are major deterrents in
this pursuit. Some of the issues in developing countries, like low productivity on marginal lands, degraded forest lands,
and unorganized units for biomass energy conversion, result in cost escalation as compared to other energy sources. This paper
revisits the scope for raising energy plantations, a comparison of the direct and indirect mitigation potential uses of plantations
as an adaptation strategy through reforestation and afforestation projects for climate change mitigation and socio-economic
issues to make this venture feasible in developing countries. 相似文献
132.
《环境科学动态》2012,(1):5-9
气候变化既是环境问题,也是发展问题,事关人类的生存与发展。中国政府高度重视全球气候变化问题,积极探索有中国特色的绿色低碳发展之路。这不仅是中国作为发展中大国肩负的国际责任.也是加快实现国内发展方式转型的内在要求。近三十年来,中国在保护环境和应对气候变化方面付出了巨大努力,总结出一系列行之有效的经验和做法。为了更好地开展有利于应对气候变化的环境保护工作,近日,环境保护部环境发展中心成立了一个跨部门的应对气候变化工作机构,即“环境发展中心环境与气候变化中心”。日前,编辑部就业界人士和社会大众所关心的一些气候变化相关问题专程采访了环境保护部环境发展中心唐丁丁主任。 相似文献
133.
桑蚕蛹资源及其综合开发前景 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
我国有桑蚕蛹资源50万t/a,干蛹蛋白质高达48.98%.氨基酸种类齐全,8种必需氨基酸占41%。目前大部分蚕蛹仅作为饲料使用,高蛋白资源的浪费极大。蚕蛹可开发20多种保健食品、纺织、轻化工产品.综合开发经济效益高.具有广阔的开发前景。 相似文献
134.
本文通过对农业废料的物质成分和物理技术特性的总结,分析了其可利用的潜在价值,并对开发利用途径作了简要论述. 相似文献
135.
Michael I. Muiga George W. Reid 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(3):838-852
ABSTRACT: Mathematical modeling techniques are used to develop predictive equations for cost of water and waste water treatment processes in developing countries utilizing socioeconomic, environmental, and technological indicators. Predictive equations are developed for each of the three regions (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) for construction, operation, and maintenance costs of slow sand filter, rapid sand filter, stabilization lagoon, aerated lagoon, activated sludge, and trickling filter. Data analysis indicated that cost of water treatment processes is a function of technological indicator (percentage of imported materials), population, and the design capacity. The variables which gave the best correlation for waste water treatment cost were population, design flow, and the percentage of imported waste water disposal materials. 相似文献
136.
Ray Jay Davis George William Sherk Donald Phelps 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(4):583-588
ABSTRACT: Whomever would affect water policy development must influence the water legislative process. This paper discusses in the context of the Model State Water Allocation Code the following ten ideas about doing that: (1) seek the right timing for enactment; (2) set modest goals; (3) prepare a well-drafted proposal; (4) recognize diversity by offering legislative choices; (5) consider the impacts of adoption; (6) make alliances; (7) respect executive influence; (8) become involved in legislative interaction; (9) be flexible; and (10) persist. Heeding these ideas, although not guaranteeing enactment, is sure to be educational for participants and useful to legislators. 相似文献
137.
旅游商品发展对策思考 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
发展旅游商品是近年来中国旅游经济理论和实践中的热点问题之一,本文提出并论述了制定旅游商品发展规划,培育开发主体,在市场调研基础上科学开发,有效组织生产,市场建设与规范和宣传促销六大对策措施。 相似文献
138.
作者以生态旅游理论为基础,分析了我国森林生态旅游的发展状况,并以加入WTO为背景从中找出存在的问题,进而提出入世后推进我国森林生态旅游发展的对策。 相似文献
139.
Yu-Chi Weng Takeshi Fujiwara Yuzuru Matsuoka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(2):110-122
Industrialization and urbanization result in significant changes in lifestyle. These lifestyle changes seem to lead to unsustainable
consumption patterns and increase the generation of various kinds of environmental loads, especially the amount of municipal
solid waste (MSW). Taiwan is a small island with scarce natural resources. The economic development in Taiwan has resulted
in the generation of large amounts of MSW. As a result, the Taiwan Environmental Pollution Administration (TEPA) has produced
regulations for waste minimization and has imposed several important policy measures that have successfully reduced the MSW
discard rate in recent years and have established a public recycling network as a part of the MSW collection. Nowadays, the
objective of the MSW policies in Taiwan is to develop a “zero-waste society.” This article aims to review the MSW management
progress in Taiwan and to project future MSW discards up to 2011 based on the national plan and assumed scenarios for socioeconomic
variables. According to the analysis results, a more sustainable consumption pattern can be proposed and the corresponding
MSW management system can be planned so as to develop a low-waste-discard society. 相似文献
140.
关于中国农村剩余劳动力数量的估计 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
谢培秀 《中国人口.资源与环境》2004,14(1):50-53
本文结合中国农业生产实际,运用农业技术需求法估算了相关年份第一产业劳动力投入量,在此基础上结合第5次人口普查和第一次农业普查资料,估算了中国农村劳动力二、三产业就业量及剩余劳动力数量,并据此提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献