鲸鱼优化算法下气体泄漏源波达方向估计法

为减小压力容器气体泄漏实时位置估算误差,准确监测容器工况,首先,从声学监测角度提出一种引入鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)的泄漏源估计方法,采用波达方向(DOA)估计法预测气体泄漏位置方向,获得泄漏源角坐标;然后,引入WOA自适应选择方法分解DOA的特征值,多次迭代得到最精确的泄漏位置;最后,以某化工厂中压力容器数据为实际算例,...     

CZB-2型竖直摆钻孔倾斜仪用于地震预报的检测能力分析——以淮南台为例

本文通过淮南台CZB-2型竖直摆钻孔倾斜仪二年观测资料分析,给出了该仪器的映震能力;震后效应;前兆异常的方向性特征,为捕捉淮南近区中强地震提供详实的短临预报依据。     

关于浙江几个大城市SO2排放年总控制量的探讨

国家标准GB／T13201－91推荐基于单箱模型推导出来的A值法制定地方大气污染物排放总量标准,该文在放弃了控制区呈圆形的假设之后推导出可利用风向大气稳定度联合频率的更为详细的单箱模型,并用于计算杭州、宁波、温州、衢州的SO₂排放年总控制量,在温州和衢州得到不同于A值法的结果。      

微生物絮凝剂的研究现状与发展趋势

相对于传统絮凝剂而言,微生物絮凝剂具有絮凝效果好、应用范围广、易生物降解、对环境安全、无二次污染的特点。文章综述了微生物絮凝剂的类型和特点,详细阐述了其絮凝机理,分析了影响微生物絮凝剂絮凝性能的因素以及微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。指出了当前微生物絮凝剂研究存在的问题以及今后的发展趋势。     

Numerical studies on the thermal regimes of the horizontal tube falling film evaporation under varying feeder height

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses about the effect of feeder height and heat flux on the heat transfer characteristics of horizontal tube falling film evaporation in the thermal regimes. In order to investigate this, a two- dimensional CFD model was developed to perform simulation and results were compared and validated with published data available in the literature. Heat transfer co-efficients in the thermal regimes were determined from the CFD simulation and the results were recorded, analyzed and validated with the mathematical models available in the literature. The novelty of the current study is to predict the commencement of the fully developed thermal region over the tube from the simulation model under varying feeder height and heat flux. An effort was also made to measure the liquid film thickness around the tube from the CFD model in the thermal regimes. It is observed that angle of thermally developing region contracts and fully developed thermal region extends with the increase of the feeder height and heat flux. It is observed from the study that increase of heat flux by 10 kW/m² resulted in increase of heat transfer co-efficient value by 10–12% average in thermally developing region and 12–15% average in fully developed region. Thinnest liquid film thickness observed between 85 and 127°angle. Shifting of thinnest region of liquid film upward from the mid tube with the increase of the feeder height and heat flux is noted.     

A pattern for partnership between LMDH and Perhutani to enhance local community prosperity and preserve the forest: a case study at RPH Besowo,Kediri Regency,Indonesia

The deforestation in Indonesia is already alarming. One of the strategies used by the government to overcome forest deforestation is social forestry. This program is called PHBM (Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat/Joint Forest Management) which is basically a partnership program. This study aims at describing the partnership program between a local organization (i.e. LMDH) and a government unit (i.e. RPH of Perhutani) within the PHBM program. The objectives of this study are to (a) describe the model of partnerships between LMDH and RPH Besowo for sustainable forest management and local community empowerment; (b) determine the contribution of the forest to the national economy and rural household income; and (c) determine the obstacles commonly found in Besowo forest that have to be faced during the implementation of the partnerships. The study shows that with good partnership between these two units, the prosperity of the local community can be enhanced and the forest preservation can be maintained. The model of the partnerships in this particular area in Indonesia is expected to be applicable as well in other rural areas in Indonesia, as well as in other developing countries.     

稻田保护性耕作的生态效应研究进展与发展建议

首先阐述了保护性耕作的国内外发展现状,指出我国保护性耕作存在的主要问题：关键技术创新研究不够,具有中国南方特色的稻田保护性耕作制度、模式及其技术体系尚未形成;与南方独特的自然地理条件、复杂的稻田耕作制度相匹配的保护性耕作机具研究亟待加强;技术推广保障体系薄弱,适合农村实际的推广机制有待进—步探索。其次,从土壤理化性状、土壤生物学特性、节能减排效应和病虫害生态调控等4方面综述了稻田保护性耕作的生态效应最新研究进展。最后,针对我国南方稻区特别是西南丘陵山区稻田保护性耕作的发展提出了3点建议：加大政策扶持力度,建立政策优惠、财政补贴、生态补偿等多元化长效投入机制;重点开展技术攻关,深入研究中稻-再生稻优质、高产、高效保护性耕作关键技术;丘陵山区稻田周年高效农作制度创新与配套保护性耕作技术,以及以水旱轮作为中心的稻田保护性耕作技术节能减排效应的技术机理;进一步强化现有技术集成,扩大技术成果的示范,加快技术成果向生产力的转变。     

工业事故调查与分析的发展历程及趋势

工业事故调查伴随着工业革命的发展而开展,而事故分析,特别是系统的分析开展于上世纪的五六十年代。事故调查和分析研究的发展历程可以分成四个阶段,单一原因-结果阶段、多原因-结果阶段、系统化分析阶段以及产业化发展阶段。事故调查和分析从最早的仅仅查找事故（直接）原因单一目的,发展到现在查找（根本）原因、分析原因、制定措施、监督执行等多个目的。事故调查和分析已经发展成为一个学科,一种职业。事故调查和分析的理论和方法也从最初的单方面、表面、短期发展到了全面、深入和系统化。本文在介绍事故调查和分析的发展阶段和过程的同时还将对各阶段代表性的调查方法和理论给予介绍,主要包括＂鱼骨（F ishbone）图＂、＂领结图（BowTie）＂、＂直根（Taproot）图＂和＂三脚架（Tripod）＂。     

三江平原佳木斯酸雨形成及其影响因素分析

酸雨严重损害农业和森林,利用气候倾向率及相关系数方法统计分析佳木斯站酸雨形成以及风向、风速、降水对酸雨形成的影响。结果表明:酸雨月平均H值与电导率呈明显正相关,为0.707;当SW为主导风向时,酸雨发生频率最大为17%;不同等级降水酸雨发生频率差异大,在降水量5¹0 mm时,酸雨发生的频率最大,超过22%;月平均H最小值出现在8月,为6.13,酸雨发生的频率在8月也最高,为17.61%,酸雨发生次数占降水总数在10月最高,为23.01%,降水酸性在夏季最强,夏季和秋季酸雨发生频率最高;酸雨年平均H值具有明显的升高趋势,升幅为0.311℃/10 a,佳木斯酸雨整体呈下降趋势,受污染程度较轻。     

Constraints to implementation of sustainability indicator systems in five Asian cities

Contemporary studies on sustainability indicator systems (SISs) typically focus on the technical advancement of indicator construction, on qualitative impacts of indicator programmes and on impacts on governance, decision-making and sustainability as a social construct. Yet, their implementation so far has rarely been addressed, even though monitoring and the use of indicator results fall far behind the number of SISs developed. This study aims at the identification of requirements for the development of and constraints to the implementation of SISs in five Asian cities of developing countries. Interviews with local key actors are held, and a qualitative content analysis is carried out. Findings include evidence on the degree of indicator implementation in the case study cities, a hexagonal model for the classification of requirements and constraints, as well as general conclusions for barriers to the use of SISs.