Trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter over a coal burning power production area of western Macedonia, Greece

Total suspended particle (TSP) concentrations were determined in the Eordea basin (western Macedonia, Greece), an area with intensive lignite burning for power generation. The study was conducted over a one-year period (November 2000–November 2001) at 10 sites located at variable distances from the power plants. Ambient TSP samples were analyzed for 27 major, minor and trace elements. Annual means of TSP concentrations ranged between 47 ± 33 μg m⁻³ and 110 ± 50 μg m⁻³ at 9 out of the 10 sites. Only the site closest to the power stations and the lignite conveyor belts exhibited annual TSP levels (210 ± 97 μg m⁻³) exceeding the European standard (150 μg m⁻³, 80/779/EEC). Concentrations of TSP and almost all elemental components exhibited significant spatial variations; however, the elemental profiles of TSP were quite similar among all sites suggesting that they are affected by similar source types. At all sites, statistical analysis indicated insignificant (P < 0.05) seasonal variation for TSP concentrations. Some elements (Cl, As, Pb, Br, Se, S, Cd) exhibited significantly higher concentrations at certain sites during the cold period suggesting more intense emissions from traffic, domestic heating and other combustion sources. On the contrary, concentrations significantly higher in the warm period were found at other sites mainly for crustal elements (Ti, Mn, K, P, Cr, etc.) suggesting stronger influence from soil resuspension and/or fly ash in the warm months. The most enriched elements against local soil or road dust were S, Cl, Cu, As, Se, Br, Cd and Pb, whereas negligible enrichment was found for Ti, Mn, Mg, Al, Si, P, Cr. At most sites, highest concentrations of TSP and elemental components were associated with low- to moderate-speed winds favoring accumulation of emissions from local sources. Influences from the power generation were likely at those sites located closest to the power plants and mining activities.     

大气污染物排放标准制定的法律原则和程序研究

《大气污染防治法》授权国家环境保护主管部门制定大气污染物排放标准,但关于标准的法律规则还不够全面,在一定程度上影响了排放标准的功能发挥,也给标准限值确定带来了困难。当前国家正在对《大气污染防治法》进行修订,为完善相关标准条款,本文在对我国大气污染物排放标准立法现状分析的基础上,借鉴国外相关标准的立法规则和我国标准实践经验,提出了适用于我国的大气污染物排放标准制定的主要法律原则和程序建议。研究认为,制定大气污染物排放标准应考虑污染物对公众健康、空气质量和生态环境的影响,以及可采取的污染控制技术措施等情况,通过技术经济论证确定排放限值和相关技术要求,做到技术可行、经济合理、减排效益突出。标准制定过程要充分听取各方意见,经标准评审委员会审查通过后方可按照部门规章批准发布。     

The shaped blasting experimental study on damage and crack evolution of high stress coal seam

In the deep high stress coal and rock mass, the efficiency of the ordinary blasting method is constantly affected by the high pressure. This study investigates the shaped blasting technology with increased blasting efficiency, develops a mechanical model for coal crack expansion during shaped blasting, and examines the force-energy action of energy-gathering jets during coal splitting. The established model was combined with experiments and simulations to reveal the damage and evolution of cracks in coal and rock masses. Experiments demonstrate that shaped blasting can create an energy-gathering jet that causes a directional fracture in the test block. The peak of compressive strain in the energy-gathering direction is 1.12 times greater than that of ordinary blasting, and the static action period of the explosive gas is prolonged by 1.3 μs according to the stress curve. Moreover, the peak pressure strain increased 3.2 times, and the pull strain peak increased 3.92 times. The damage amount was represented by the resistivity and ultrasonic wave speed, and shaped blasting causes 1.2 and 1.5 times greater damage than ordinary blasting. The research results provide technical methods for safe and rapid penetration blasting in deep high-ground stressed coal mines.     

构建“四全”管理模式 提升企业本质安全水平

为提升企业本质安全水平,结合新时代新发展理念,中国石油推出“全员、全过程、全天候、全方位”抓安全生产工作的“四全”管理模式,实施“完善落实责任制、强化流程闭环管理、精准施策标本兼治和建立健全制度体系”等加强企业本质安全水平的各项举措,为提升企业安全管理水平、建设世界一流示范企业指明工作方向、提供管理保障。     

发达国家和地区生态环境监测发展经历对中国的启示

新形势下,中国生态环境监测面临新任务和新挑战,迫切需要明确发展思路和方向.因此,从环境监测管理体系、业务体系、标准方法体系等方面,举例浅析了美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区环境监测业务的发展现状,并从法律制度、业务体系、方法标准等方面对比分析了中国与发达国家和地区的差异及不足,总结归纳了适用于中国国情的先进经验与启示.在此基...