WATER CONSERVATION IN CASABLANCA,MOROCCO1

ABSTRACT: This study examines water consumption characteristics in Casablanca and analyzes approaches for sustainable water demand management. Research procedures involve the development and estimation of water demand models for the residential/commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors; forecasts of water demand to 2010; and simulation of the effects of a complex of water conservation methods on the forecasted demands. The results indicate that residential/commercial water demand is weakly responsive to price changes (elasticity =?0.448) while institutional water demand is slightly more responsive (elasticity =?0.648). The conservation approaches used in the simulations included public education, plumbing code revisions to require use of water conservation devices, leak detection and repair, pricing policy, metering, and pressure reduction. The results indicate that considerable saving in water use can be attained through a comprehensive water demand management program.     

克拉玛依市区大气污染特征及防治对策

该文评价了克拉玛依市区的大气环境质量现状,并分析了大气污染的主要特征及其产生的原因,得出了相应结论:市区的大气污染以尘 污染为主,主要污染物是降尘和总悬浮颗粒物,最后提出了一些具体的防治对策。      

Odour transfer in stingless bee marmelada (Frieseomelitta varia) demonstrates that entrance guards use an “undesirable–absent” recognition system

In group-level recognition, discriminators use sensory information to distinguish group members and non-members. For example, entrance guards in eusocial insect colonies discriminate nestmates from intruders by comparing their odour with a template of the colony odour. Despite being a species-rich group of eusocial bees closely related to the honey bees, stingless bee nestmate recognition is a relatively little-studied area. We studied Frieseomelitta varia, a common Brazilian species of stingless bee known as marmelada. By measuring the rejection rates of nestmate and non-nestmate worker bees by guards, we were able to show that guards became significantly less accepting (from 91 to 46%) of nestmates that had acquired odour cues from non-nestmate workers; however, guards did not become significantly more accepting (from 31 to 42%) of non-nestmates that had acquired equivalent amounts of odour cues from the guard’s nestmates. These data strongly suggest that guards use an “undesirable–absent” system in recognition, whereby incoming conspecific workers are only accepted if undesirable cues are absent, despite the presence of desirable cues. We suggest that an undesirable–absent system is adaptive because robbing by conspecifics may be an important selective factor in F. varia, which would lead to selection for a non-permissive acceptance strategy by guards.     

辽宁云水资源分布特征及开发潜力分析

我国淡水资源短缺,人口增长、经济发展与水资源短缺的矛盾日益加剧,已严重影响着我国部分地区经济和社会持续健康发展。人工增雨、开发空中云水资源是缓解水资源短缺的一个重要途径。文章利用辽宁省气象台站网的常规探空、云和降水的观测资料,计算、分析了辽宁云水资源的分布状况及开发潜力,结果显示全省云水资源总量年均为4.83×10¹¹m³,具有较多的作业机会和较大的人工增雨潜力,开发云水资源大有可为。     

深圳河水污染控制对策探讨

针对深圳河水污染已非常严重、水质达不到地表水Ⅴ类标准的状况,从技术的角度,在分析了深圳河水污染机理的基础上,借鉴国内外成功的河流治理经验,结合深圳河流的特征,对深圳河水污染控制对策进行了初步探讨.结果表明,在对深圳河流域进行全面截污、清淤、补水、支流设闸调蓄等措施后,深圳河水质将得到改善,可满足城市景观用水的要求.      

解决城市污水处理设施发展资金缺口战略

为解决城市污水处理设施建设和运营存在着严重的资金缺口的问题,运用FEASIBLE模型,选择四川省14个位于三峡库区影响地带的市/县,对其污水处理设施建设和运营的资金缺口进行模拟计算和预测.基于模拟结果提出3种不同的融资战略:纳税人付费融资战略、使用者付费融资战略和市场导向融资战略,并对其可行性进行分析.结果表明:任何一种融资战略实施起来都有难度,纳税人付费融资战略并不能确保实现城市污水处理设施的发展目标;而使用者付费融资战略和市场导向融资战略的可行性严重依赖于城市污水处理设施部门的制度和法律的改革及地方政府融资.      

广西百色市发展红色旅游的思考

随着"红色旅游"在中国旅游业的异军突起,广西百色市作为一个有着丰富红色旅游资源的革命老区,凭借自有优势,逐渐成为中国南疆红色旅游的一颗耀眼"红星"。分析了百色市近几年来红色旅游的发展现状,并借此探讨了该市红色旅游发展中存在的问题及其解决方法,促使百色市的红色旅游得以更加完善的发展。     

浙东四明山红色旅游目的地的开发与建设

通过四明山红色旅游目的地开发建设的优势、机遇及劣势与挑战的分析,提出了开发与建设四明山红色旅游目的地的六大策略,即政府主导与市场运作相结合的开发策略、社会效益和经济效益兼顾的开发策略、红色旅游目的地品牌策略、"红绿结合"的开发策略、区域合作策略、基于和谐旅游发展的开发策略。     

大叶冬青资源的开发利用与发展前景

大叶冬青是一种用途较广的珍贵药用植物资源,近年来市场对大叶冬青资源的需求日益增大。论述了大叶冬青的形态特征、生态习性、高产栽培技术、采收、加工以及其经济、生态和社会效益。     

西部地区加快开发应当克服“资源近视症”

本文从分析我国传统的经济增长方式入手,通过对资源近视症”的表现及后果的分析,提出西部西地区,特别是西部少数民族地区只有树立全面的资源观,立足优势,面向市场,抓住机遇,合理开发资源和利用资源,才能走出一条符合本民族,本地区实际的可持续发展之路。