On the minimum cost of an evolutionary strategy response to environment stress

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｏｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｒｉｃｈｎｅｓｓａｎｄｈｏｗｉｔｉｓｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｔｏｃｈａｎｇｅｗｉｔｈｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓａｎｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｔｒａｖｅｌｃｏｓｔ,ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙａｎｄｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｔｒｅｓｓ.Ｂｒｏｗｎｅｔａｌ.(Ｂｒｏｗｎ ,1 994)ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄｔｈａｔｂｏｄｙｓｉｚｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓａｔｒａｄｅ ｏｆｆｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｍｏｒｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｅｎｅｒｇｙｈａ…     

Formation and harmfulness of high fluoride-bearing ground-water

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｓｏｍｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｇｅｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｃ,ｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ,ｌｉｔｈｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ,ｔｈｅｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｓｏｉｌｉｎｓｏｍｅａｒｅａｓ?..     

A Report on the International Conference on Climate Policy after Marrakech: Towards Global Participation

The East-West Center convened the international conference on climate policy in Honolulu, Hawaii, on September 4–6, 2003. Sponsored by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, Industrial Technology Research Institute (Taiwan), and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Japan), this major event covered almost every important issue and featured perspectives from the most important parties and stakeholders in formulating and implementing climate policies and taking international climate negotiations further. It brought together a remarkable cross-section of world opinion on climate policy after Kyoto. This report provides a summary of each presentation and highlights discussions organized under the following six session headings: Session 1: Climate Change in Focus – From Science to Policy; Session 2: U.S. Climate Policy and Perspectives; Session 3: European Union Climate Policy and Perspectives; Session 4: Challenges for other Major Industrialized Countries; Session 5: Issues Related to Developing Countries; and Session 6: Panel Discussions: Where Do We Go from Here?.     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的内涵、缺陷及对策

在环境换取经济增长向环境优化经济增长转变的新彤势下．应拓展建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测的内涵。指出目前的竣工验收监测对工业生产型建设项目的制约因素考虑不周、忽视了“三同时”的垒过程、忽视了非工业生产型建设项目和区域性开发项目、忽视了无组织排放污染源。提出要创新治理设施竣工验收监测理念、优化竣工验收监测方法、强化竣工验收生态监测技术的研究、开展区域性建设项目的验收监测。     

微生物采油技术应用及发展动态

微生物采油技术作为第四种驱油技术方法不断成熟应用也日渐广泛。介绍了微生物采油技术的特点、微生物提高原油采收率的作用机理、微生物采油技术的应用方式和技术标准。还介绍了微生物采油技术在我国的发展动态，提出了今后研究的着重点和方向。     

Climate Change Daaptational Deficiencies in Developing Countries: the Case of Sub-Saharan Africa

Adaptation is nowrecognized as an inevitable component ofthe overall climate change responsestrategy. For a developing region likesub-Saharan Africa with low greenhouse gasemissions and high vulnerability to theimpacts of climate change, the importanceof adaptation in climate change policy iseven more fundamental. This paper examined alook at the adaptational preparedness ofthe sub-Saharan African region to climatechange. Clearly evident in theenvironmental strategy and developmentfocus of these countries is lack ofrecognition of the need to adapt, poorincentive to adapt and low capacity toadapt to climate change. This furtherexacerbates their vulnerability and hasimplications for the global climate changeresponse strategy. Unfortunately, fewattempts have been made to understand thestructural reasons underlying the pervasivepattern of adaptational unpreparedness inthe region, neither has there been acomprehensive and systematic analysis ofhow to remedy this problem. This paper is acontribution in this regard. It alsohighlights the factors to whichinternational community need to payattention, if it truly wishes to make itsefforts at adaptation more global inscope.     

中国地震灾害防御对策的进展及今后的发展趋势

本文详细的论述了地震灾害效应,并给出了地震灾害防御对策的准确概念。在总结中国近二十年地震灾害防御对策的基础上,给出了今后我国地震灾害防御对策的发展趋势,对于我国今后开展震害防御工作具有一定意义。     

总量控制与排污权交易

深入剖析了总量控制的含义和特点,分析了我国总量控制与排污权交易的关系,通过对比美国的排污权交易政策,讨论了实施总量控制和排污权交易的步骤和意义。     

Role of Bio-Energy Plantations for Carbon-Dioxide Mitigation with Special Reference to India

Fuelwood plays an important role in the rural economy of the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Optimizing energy fixation in forest trees through high density energy plantations (HDEP), gasification of wood, and conversion of forest tree biomass, are some of the potential areas whereby additional research and development input for efficient management of atmospheric carbon in our energy system can be incorporated. For example, the photosynthetic efficiency of forest trees is rarely above 0.5%, which on the basis of theoretical considerations can be increased by up to 6.6%. Thus there is an ample scope to improve the efficiency up to 1%, which amounts to doubling of the productivity of the forests. Recent policy changes and experiences with wood-based bio-energy programmes in several countries indicate that woodfuels may become increasingly attractive as industrial energy sources. Use of biodiesel and the formulation of a project for undertaking 13.4 million ha of Jatropha plantations in India highlight the seriousness with which the Government of India is promoting carbon neutral energy plantations. The cost of establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production and its conversion to energy are major deterrents in this pursuit. Some of the issues in developing countries, like low productivity on marginal lands, degraded forest lands, and unorganized units for biomass energy conversion, result in cost escalation as compared to other energy sources. This paper revisits the scope for raising energy plantations, a comparison of the direct and indirect mitigation potential uses of plantations as an adaptation strategy through reforestation and afforestation projects for climate change mitigation and socio-economic issues to make this venture feasible in developing countries.     

复合板的成形技术与发展趋势

介绍了目前复合板生产工艺的研究开发现状以及各种工艺方法的特点 ,探讨了复合板生产技术的发展趋势 ,认为连铸工艺是复合板技术的发展方向