邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的毒性作用研究

本研究选用大型蚤(Daphnia magna)作为实验生物,研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对其急性毒性作用和慢性毒性作用,同时还研究了环境因素(温度、硬度、腐殖酸)对DBP24h-EC(50)的影响.结果表明DBP对大型蚤的24h-EC_(50)为10.35mg·1~(-1),温度、硬度和腐殖酸对DBP24h-EC_(50)均有一定影响.DBP对大型蚤的捕食行为产生抑制,EC_(50)在 6—7mg·1~(-1)之间.慢性毒性实验结果表明DBP对大型蚤的生长繁殖产生一定影响,低浓度DBP对大型蚤生长繁殖有一定的刺激作用,高浓度DBP对大型蚤生长繁殖存在抑制作用,BDP的最大允许安全浓度为1—2mg·1~(-1).     

斜生栅藻降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯胺的动力学研究

斜生栅藻降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯胺的动力学研究阎海雷志芳叶常明（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京１０００８５）关键词斜生栅藻；邻苯二甲酸二甲酯；苯胺；降解动力学邻苯二甲酸酯类是广泛使用的人工合成有机物，主要作为塑料和橡胶等化工产品的增塑剂，我国和...     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的好氧生物降解及生化途径

从红树林底泥中驯化富集培养分离得到的苯二甲酸酯类化合物的降解菌。对此菌株进行了16S rDNA分子生物学的鉴定,并研究了该菌对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的生物降解特性以及生物降解途径。实验得出该菌能够在邻苯二甲酸甲酯作为唯一碳源和能源的培养基中生长。邻苯二甲酸二甲酯能够在好氧条件下被快速降解,浓度为50 mg/L的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯在5d内可以完全被降解。用高效液相色谱检测降解过程,主要的中间产物为邻苯二甲酸一甲酯(MMP)和邻苯二甲酸(PA)。试验结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯能够被红树林环境中的微生物降解,而且分离得到的菌株Rhodococcus rubber1k对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯具有高效的降解作用。     

污水处理厂中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素分析

建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和液相色谱分析城市污水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的方法 ,同时分析了北京市 4个污水处理厂进水与出水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的浓度。在四个污水处理厂的水样中共检出了 5种邻苯二甲酸酯 ,分别是DEP、BBP、DBP、DCHP和DEHP ,浓度在 0 .72～ 59.1 7μg/L之间。结果表明 ,曝气活性污泥法对大部分邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的去除效果很好     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯在鼠肝匀浆中的生物降解及代谢产物鉴定

应用HPLC及HPLC MS方法,研究了邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯在小鼠肝匀浆中的代谢动力学、酶动力学特征并进行了代谢产物鉴定.测得邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯在雄性小鼠肝匀浆中的t1 2为73 72min,Km为(73 52±24 11)μmol·L-1,Vmax为(2 85±0 62)μmol·g-1·min-1);在小鼠雌性肝匀浆中t1 2为144 37min,Km为(275 02±64 97)μmol·L-1,Vmax为(6 18±2 30)μmol·g-1·min-1).实验鉴定出邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯在肝脏中的代谢产物为邻苯二甲酸单丁酯及邻苯二甲酸甲丁酯.实验结果表明,邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯在肝脏中代谢有明显的性别差异.     

Efficient microwave-assisted photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disruptor dimethyl phthalate over composite catalyst ZrOx/ZnO

A highly active ZrOx/ZnO catalyst for microwave-assisted photocatalytic (MW/PC) degradation of endocrine disruptor dimethyl phthalate (DMP) has been prepared via cetyltrimethylammonium assisted hydrothermal method. The ZrOx/ZnO was characterized by XPS, XRD, UV-Vis, BET and SEM techniques. The XPS result showed that Zr oxides with different valences (+2, +3, +4) co-existed in ZrOx/ZnO. By using the ZrOx/ZnO (0.1 g), the TOC removal efficiency of DMP (100 mL of 50 mg/L) was 88% after 30 min reaction, which was about 15% higher than P25 TiO2. It was found that the removal process of DMP by MW/PC followed pseudo first-order kinetics in all cases, and ZrOx/ZnO significantly accelerated the degradation of DMP. The degradation half-life time of DMP was shortened 45% compared with P25 TiO2. A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed based on microwave response and interfacial charge transfer. ZrOx/ZnO could be reused for six times without obvious decrease in catalytic activity. The study offers new insights into designing highly efficient catalysts for MW/PC process and is applicable for MW/PC environmental remediation.     

Activated sludge-mediated biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate under fermentative conditions

The biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate(DMP)was investigated under fermentative conditions in this study.The nature of the intermediate compounds and the extent of mineralization were probed using high-pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)methods.The fermentative bacteria were able to biodegrade the DMP under anaerobic conditions,with the biodegradation rate of 0.36 mg DMP/(L·h).The results demonstrated that the DMP degradation under fermentative conditio...     

环境中的PAES对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响研究

通过对邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响进行了研究。目的探讨邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪的致突变作用。方法以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为污染物对蟾蜍蝌蚪染毒24小时,并观察其细胞核变化。所用蟾蜍蝌蚪处于变态期,对污染物较为敏感。结果邻苯二甲酸酯使蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核率以及核异常细胞率上升,微核率随着浓度的增大而上升,在浓度为78 ug/ml,对照组相比有极显著差异P〈0.01,浓度在18.5 ug/ml时试验组突变的细胞核的形态发生显著改变,核异常细胞率与对照组核异常细胞率有显著差异P〈0.05。此时显微镜下观察可见微核、双核、核内凹、核碎裂、无丝分裂时核分裂不均等核的形态变化。结论邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪具有明显的致突变作用。     

常见有机物对催化臭氧化降解水中硝基苯的影响

考察了有机物甲醛、甲醇、甲酸和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化工艺去除水中硝基苯降解效果的影响规律.单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化对硝基苯的去除率随着甲醛浓度的升高(0～12 mg·L-1)分别降低了11.6%和9.6%;2种工艺对硝基苯的去除率都随着甲醇浓度的增加(0～16mg·L-1,)先增高再降低,单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化分别在浓度为2 mg·L-1和4 mg·L-1时去除率达到最大值;随着甲酸浓度的增加(0～8 mg·L-1)去除率也都先增高再降低,单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化分别在浓度为0.5 mg·L-1和2 mg·L-1时去除率达到最大值;低浓度的甲醇和甲酸促进了硝基苯的降解,高浓度的甲醇和甲酸抑制了硝基苯的降解.单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯浓度增加(0～10 mg·L-1)的情况下对硝基苯的去除率分别降低了19.7%和18.6%.     

Electrochemical incineration of dimethyl phthalate by anodic oxidation with boron-doped diamond electrode

The anodic oxidation of aqueous solutions containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) up to 125 mg/L with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as supporting electrolyte within the pH range 2.0–10.0 was studied using a one-compartment batch reactor employing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode. Electrolyses were carried out at constant current density (1.5–4.5 mA/cm2). Complete mineralization was always achieved owing to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical (.OH) generated at the BDD surface. The e ects of pH, apparent current density and initial DMP concentration on the degradation rate of DMP, the specific charge required for its total mineralization and mineralization current e ciency were investigated systematically. The mineralization rate of DMP was found to be pH-independent and to increase with increasing applied current density. Results indicated that this electrochemical process was subjected, at least partially, to the mass transfer of organics onto the BDD surface. Kinetic analysis of the temporal change of DMP concentration during electrolysis determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed that DMP decay under all tested conditions followed a pseudo first-order reaction. Aromatic intermediates and generated carboxylic acids were identified by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and a general pathway for the electrochemical incineration of DMP on BDD was proposed.