纳米金修饰丝网印刷电极检测水中对苯二酚

采用丝网印刷技术及直接电化学沉积法,制备一次性使用的纳米金颗粒修饰电极,并将其用于水中对苯二酚的检测.扫描电子显微镜表征显示,纳米金粒子以聚集态沉积在电极表面;对苯二酚在纳米金修饰丝网印刷电极上的电化学行为研究表明,该电极对对苯二酚的氧化还原反应产生了明显的电催化作用;以示差脉冲伏安法测定对苯二酚,其峰电流与浓度在4.98×10-5mol.l-1—1.30×10-3mol.l-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限达3.41×10-6mol.l-1;对水样进行测定,加标回收率在98%—101%之间.研究结果表明纳米金修饰的丝网印刷电极可应用于水中对苯二酚现场快速检测.     

Who should wear mask against airborne infections? Altering the contact network for controlling the spread of contagious diseases

There are several ways of controlling the propagation of a contagious disease. For instance, to reduce the spreading of an airborne infection, individuals can be encouraged to remain in their homes and/or to wear face masks outside their domiciles. However, when a limited amount of masks is available, who should use them: the susceptible subjects, the infective persons or both populations? Here we employ susceptible-infective-recovered (SIR) models described in terms of ordinary differential equations and probabilistic cellular automata in order to investigate how the deletion of links in the random complex network representing the social contacts among individuals affects the dynamics of a contagious disease. The inspiration for this study comes from recent discussions about the impact of measures usually recommended by health public organizations for preventing the propagation of the swine influenza A (H1N1) virus. Our answer to this question can be valid for other eco-epidemiological systems.     

土壤中二价铁离子的伏安法测定

利用二价铁离子的联吡啶络合物,示差脉冲伏安法测定土壤中的二价铁离子．结果表明:二价铁离子的浓度与铁联吡啶络合物的峰电流在１．６×１０－６－９．８×１０－６ｍｏｌ·ｌ－１和９．８×１０－６－６．６× １０－５ｍｏｌ·ｌ－１浓度范围内成正比,检测下限为４．１× １０－７ｍｏｌ·ｌ－１,相对标准偏差为０．８４%(ｎ＝６)．在该方法中,联吡啶的浓度对二价铁离子联吡啶络合物的峰电位、峰电流及半峰宽度有影响,而测定体系的ｐＨ值和支持电解质的浓度对二价铁离子联吡啶络合物的峰电位、峰电流及半峰宽度影响较小．     

Differences in rural landscape perceptions and preferences between farmers and naturalists

A long history of human–nature interactions mediated by agriculture, resulted in high biodiversity in Japanese rural landscapes. This diversity faces drastic decline due to the changes following the socioeconomic circumstances regarding agriculture. Rural conservation will require cooperation among major stakeholders, and knowing how preferences for and perceptions of rural landscapes differ among them can help crafting and implementing effective conservation measures. This study investigated how perceptions of rural landscapes in the Arai-Keinan region, Niigata, Japan differ among people having very different relationships to them. In a photograph-based semantic differential survey, farmers and naturalists, major stakeholders in rural conservation, rated both rice paddy and woodland landscapes. In determining preferences for rice paddy landscapes, perceptions of stewardship and openness were significantly more important for farmers, whereas those of naturalness and biodiversity were significantly more important for naturalists. Such group differences were not found for woodland landscapes. Analysis of perceptions for landscape changes suggested that farmers may have higher normative criteria for rural landscapes than naturalists. Group preferences for intensified rice paddies on sloped topography may conflict, and any rural conservation planning effort should carefully consider that farmers and naturalists consider different aspects of landscapes as important.     

PCB边角料的成分与热重-差热分析研究

在温度为380℃、N₂∶O₂=7∶3（体积比）的条件下,对PCB边角料进行的化学成分分析实验结果表明：4种PCB边角料中SiO₂+CaO+Al₂O₃大约在32%～38%之间,金属含量在22%～28%之间,其余为树脂,大约为45%左右;热重差热分析在氮气气氛、升温速率为20℃/min的条件下进行,其结果为：失重在12%～36%之间,热值在13～19 MJ/kg左右,失重主要发生在300～400℃之间,约占总失重的70%～90%,300℃以下质量基本上没有变化,400～1 200℃之间,质量约占10%～30%：并分析了TG-DTA曲线的影响因素,为工业回收废弃PCB提供了有价值的基础数据。     

测压法测定BOD的研究与应用

对采用差压式直读测定装置测定生化需氧量(BOD)的方法进行了研究,该方法操作简单、直观性好,简化了大量烦琐操作并可连续测定BOD。通过测压法与稀释接种法(测定BOD的国家标准方法)的对比及差异性统计检验,表明这两种方法没有显著性差异。经对实际水样的分析并与标准稀释法的分析结果进行比较,该方法准确度较高。     

咸阳市单位GDP能耗空间分异特征分析研究

以地统分析为基础,在GIS技术平台下分析"十一五"期间咸阳市各区县单位GDP能耗空间分异特征.单位GDP能耗重心与几何中心偏移较大,在西北-东南向最为分散,不均衡性大;全局相关性属随机分布模式,自相关性一般,局部相关性呈区域性分布,具有较强相关性的区域为东南方向的泾阳和三原县、西北方向的彬县和长武县;微弱相关性区域主要分布在旬邑县、咸阳中南部地区;5年间单位GDP能耗重心向西北方向偏移,向高纬度、低经度方向移动.     

蚯蚓体内过氧化物还原蛋白PRDX基因对土壤PAHs污染胁迫的转录响应

在前期建立的苯并[a]芘(benzo[a]pyrene,BaP)诱导上调表达的蚯蚓cDNA文库中,发现一种过氧化物还原蛋白peroxiredoxin6(PRDX6)基因片段,并提交到GenBank.Blastx比对与基因进化分析结果表明,该序列与已知PRDX6的最高相似率为86%,期望值为4E-30.序列分析表明,该序列具有PRDX6基因含Cys编码的一个特征motif,表明该序列属于PRDX6基因.为进一步验证蚯蚓PRDX6基因对多环芳烃污染的响应情况,使用OECD推荐方法,进行了土壤菲、芘、荧蒽和苯并芘污染对蚯蚓的毒性响应的试验(周期28 d),并采用定量PCR方法,检测了各实验组蚯蚓PRDX6基因的表达差异.结果发现,1.0 mg·kg-1的芘和苯并[a]芘均可显著上调蚯蚓PRDX6基因的表达,表明PRDX6基因可作为土壤污染引起蚯蚓抗氧化应激检测的分子标记.     

基于欧洲航天局“哨兵-2A”卫星的太湖蓝藻遥感监测

欧洲航天局(ESA)2015年6月23日成功发射"哨兵-2A"卫星,该卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪(MSI)在可见光(VIS)至短波红外(SWIR)波长区间配置了多种光谱波段/地面分辨率组合,可以获取大范围、较短重访周期、较高空间分辨率(10 m)的遥感影像。以太湖2016年6月13日MSI数据为例,在完成大气校正的基础上,分析了太湖典型地物类型光谱特征,采用归一化植被指数(NDVI)结合叶绿素反射峰强度(ρchl)构建的综合阈值法对贡湖湾的蓝藻水华信息进行了提取实验。结果表明:"哨兵-2A"卫星MSI影像质量清晰,可精细地反映植被、蓝藻、水体等典型地物类型的光谱特征;ρchl指数对中-高蓝藻聚集区与水生植被、轻度蓝藻聚集区与混合水体具有较好的分离能力;利用综合阈值法提取贡湖湾中-高蓝藻聚集区面积为60.37 km2,主要分布在贡湖北部沿岸、湖心和南部沿岸。"藻-水"混悬体面积为79.49 km2,贡湖湾东部蓝藻水华相对较轻。     

密度场干涉测量及其条纹处理计算

本文将普通纹影仪改造成激光差分干涉仪,并用于火焰等密度场的显示与测量。编制了条纹预处理和细化软件系统,并对干涉条纹进行了处理和细化计算。另外,针对细化后的条纹,编制了密度场的计算软件,并对蜡烛火焰和超声速轴对称绕流流场进行了计算,得到了密度场定量的结果。