风向变化对城市大气污染的影响及试验分析

针对城市大气污染的复杂多变状况，在理论分析的基础上，通过风洞实验对城市大气污染扩散模型进行了模拟试验研究，建立了适合一定条件下城市大气污染物扩散的数学和物理模型，并对城市大气污染状况的影响因素进行了分析，在得到特定条件下城市大气污染扩散普遍规律的同时，重点讨论了风向变化对城市大气污染的影响，该方法同时还可以应用于城市大气污染物扩散浓度的估算。     

武夷山国家级风景名胜区的游憩价值评估

采用收益资本化的方法，对武夷山国家级风景名胜区进行游憩价值的经济评估，从定量的角度确定该景区的开发潜力，从而更清楚地认识到良好的生态环境具有较高的环境价值，为该地区的旅游规划与管理提供科学的参考。     

一种富稀土型三效催化剂的性能考察

对一种富烯土型三效催化剂的性能进行了考察，结果表明：该催化剂具有较好的三效活性和较好的启燃温度特性，具有较宛的空速适应范围，在空速为84000h^-1时，CO,NOx的转化率仍在90％以上，HC转化率仍在70％以上，该催化剂具有较好的耐老化性能，经实验室快速老化实验，即相当于实车行驶8万km,CO劣化系数，1.09,HC劣化系1．05，NOx劣化系数1．06，该催化剂经桑塔纳轿车整车28工况测试，其交化效果与该车配置的美国Engelherd公司的催化剂相当。     

Effect of soil solids concentration in batch tests on the partition coefficients of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil materials

 The effect of the soil solids concentration in batch tests on the measured values of the partition coefficient (K _p) of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil material was investigated. Since this study was based on the results of batch and column tests conducted independently, there were limitations to the conclusions derived. The organic compounds tested were benzene, methylene chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene, and p-xylene. The results of this study showed that as soil solids concentrations increased, the measured K _p values of these organic compounds strongly decreased. The observed values of K _p stabilized when the soil solids concentration was above a certain value. Typical K _p values obtained from batch tests conducted under high soil solids concentrations were close to those obtained from column tests. It was concluded that the K _p values of organic compounds measured under low soil solids concentrations, i.e., less than 100 g/l, may not correctly simulate the field situation. Consequently, the values of K _p obtained with low soil solids concentrations can result in an overestimation of the retardation factor of the landfill liner material. Received: March 14, 2002 / Accepted: August 25, 2002     

螺旋升流反应器氧传递性能的试验研究

本文主要针对螺旋升流反应器技术特性，对工艺的好氧反应器进行了氧传递性能的试验研究，考察了反应器水深、曝气量等对螺旋升流反应器氧转移过程的影响；并对试验数据进行回归，得到了氧传质总系数与螺旋升流反应器内表现气速的数学关系。试验结果表明，螺旋升流反应器具有良好的氧传递特性，是一种新型的高效、节能的污水处理反应技术。     

头盔式面罩和头带式面罩主要性能的比较研究

头盔式面罩和头带式面罩性能的比较：头盔式面罩具有佩戴容易、气密性好。工艺简单，但舒适性差，视野不如头带式面罩好等特点；头带式面罩具有舒适性好，视野宽阔，但工艺较复杂，佩戴不易气密等特点。     

有毒有害蒸气云扩散的危害估算

因事故排放形成的有毒有害蒸气云,有可能造成爆炸、火灾、中毒等危害后果,但危害后果的大小(危害程度),则与事故造成危害的时刻(延迟时间)有关。笔者在以往研究成果基础上,考虑该因素,并通过引入正态分布假设,时、空变换及误差分析,给出了估算危害程度(特别是延迟爆炸危害)的有效而简便方法,补充了以往危害估算方法(不考虑延迟时间)的不足,提高了危害后果估算精度,可广泛应用于生产安全评价、环境风险评价、风险工程设计、事故应急预案、事故应急救援等工作领域,对于保障环境安全具有显著的科学价值与现实意义。     

企业职业伤害严重度系数研究

在对不同企业之间的职业伤害风险进行量化和比较时，不同程度职业伤害的统一量化是关键难题。本文使用损失工作日的方法，通过对调研所得有效数据的统计学分析，计算得出企业职业伤害的重伤严重度系数α和轻伤严重度系数β的值，α和β值与国外相关研究结果有较好的可比性。本文所得到的α和β值是对不同企业职业伤害风险量化计算和比较的重要基础。     

SIMULATING THE IMPACT OF DRAINAGE DESIGN IN A COLD CLIMATE WITH ADAPT1

ABSTRACT: Surface and subsurface drainage make crop production economically viable in much of southern Minnesota because drainage allows timely field operations and protects field crops from extended periods of flooded soil conditions. However, subsurface drainage has been shown to increase nitrate/nitrogen losses to receiving waters. When engaging in drainage activities, farmers are increasingly being asked to consider, apart from the economic profit, the environmental impact of drainage. The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport model (ADAPT) was used in this study to evaluate the impact of subsurface drainage design on the soil water balance over a two‐year period during which observed drainage discharge data were available. Twelve modeling scenarios incorporated four drainage coefficients (DC), 0.64 cm/d, 0.95 cm/d, 1.27 cm/d, and 1.91 cm/d, and three drain depths, 0.84 m, 1.15 m, and 1.45 m. The baseline condition corresponded to the drainage system specifications at the field site: a drain depth and spacing of 1.45 m and 28 m, respectively (DC of 0.64 cm/d). The results of the two‐year simulation suggested that for a given drainage coefficient, soils with the shallower drains (but equal DC) generally have less subsurface drainage and can produce more runoff (but reduced total discharge) and evapotranspiration. The results also suggested that it may be possible to design for both water/nitrate/nitrogen reduction and crop water needs.     

MODELING THE IMPACT OF MULTICOMPONENT VOCs ON GROUND WATER USING THE STEFAN‐MAXWELL EQUATION1

ABSTRACT: Computer programs that model the fate and transport of organic contaminants through porous media typically use Fick's first law to calculate vapor phase diffusion. Fick's first law, however, is limited to the case of a single, dilute species diffusing into a stagnant, high concentration, bulk vapor phase. When dealing with more than one diffusing species and at higher concentrations, the multicomponent coupling effects on vapor phase diffusion and advection of the various constituents become significant. VLEACH, a one‐dimensional finite difference model developed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), is typical of the models using Fick's first law to model vapor‐phase diffusion. The VLEACH model was modified to accommodate up to 10 components and to calculate the binary diffusion coefficients for each of the components based on molecular weight, molecular volume, temperature and pressure, and to address the coupling effects on multiple component vapor phase diffusion and its impact on ground water. The resulting model was renamed MC‐CHEMSOIL. At low vapor phase concentrations, MC‐CHEMSOIL predicts identical ground water impacts (dissolved phase loading) to those from VLEACH 2.2a. At higher vapor phase concentrations, however, the relative difference between the models exceeded 20 percent.