用铁泥制备高效无机絮凝剂聚硅酸铁及其絮凝性能研究

研究了以铁泥、硅酸钠为原料，制备高效絮凝剂聚硅酸铁（PSF）的方法，确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。并对絮凝剂PSF处理工业废水的絮凝性能进行了研究，探讨了PSF处理工业废水的反应机理。结果表明，PSF具有良好的絮凝性能，是一种比聚合硫酸铁（PFS）性能更优良的絮凝剂。     

铬浸出渣治理历程及发展方向

文中针对铬盐生产过程中产生的含有六价铬的铬浸出渣引起的地下水、地表水及空气污染问题展开讨论，并以锦州铁合金集团有限公司为例，介绍铬浸出渣的治理历程，指出铬浸出渣治理方向。     

吸收吸附联合法净化氧化铝厂含硫化氢废气

针对中国长城铝业公司氧化铝厂生产过程中产生的含硫化氢废气,设计了赤泥附液吸收和活性炭吸附联合净化系统。吸收系统对硫化氢的去除效率是85%,吸附系统对硫化氢的去除效率是99%,整个处理系统对硫化氢的总去除效率是99.85%,经过处理后,系统出口硫化氢的浓度达到了恶臭污染物排放标准(GB14554-93)的要求。整个吸收-吸附系统的投资是168.5万元,处理单位成本0.33元/Nm3。     

钢铁企业含铁尘泥资源化利用工艺及其选择

介绍了各类含铁尘泥的性质和资源化利用的主要工艺,并通过对比分析进行了工艺选择建议。含铁尘泥的资源化利用途径可分为生产回用和除杂工艺两类。杂质元素含量低的含铁尘泥应采用生产回用工艺,建议采用制备冷固球团和均质化造粒工艺。杂质元素含量高的必须通过除杂处理,Zn、Pb杂质元素含量高的含铁尘泥建议采用转底炉生产金属化球团工艺,K、Na杂质元素含量高的含铁尘泥建议采用结晶法生产KCl工艺。除杂后的产品可返回生产流程,富集的杂质元素可实现高附加值利用。     

Hidden values in bauxite residue (red mud): Recovery of metals

Bauxite residue (red mud) is a hazardous waste generated from alumina refining industries. Unless managed properly, red mud poses significant risks to the local environment due to its extreme alkalinity and its potential impacts on surface and ground water quality. The ever-increasing generation of red mud poses significant challenges to the aluminium industries from management perspectives given the low proportion that are currently being utilized beneficially. Red mud, in most cases, contains elevated concentrations of iron in addition to aluminium, titanium, sodium and valuable rare earth elements. Given the scarcity of iron supply globally, the iron content of red mud has attracted increasing research interest. This paper presents a critical overview of the current techniques employed for iron recovery from red mud. Information on the recovery of other valuable metals is also reviewed to provide an insight into the full potential usage of red mud as an economic resource rather than a waste. Traditional hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy are being investigated continuously. However, in this review several new techniques are introduced that consider the process of iron recovery from red mud. An integrated process which can achieve multiple additional values from red mud is much preferred over the single process methods. The information provided here should help to improve the future management and utilization of red mud.     

Management of Lignite Fly Ash for Improving Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity

Lignite fly ash (LFA), being alkaline and endowed with excellent pozzolanic properties, a silt loam texture, and plant nutrients, has the potential to improve soil quality and productivity. Long-term field trials with groundnut, maize, and sun hemp were carried out to study the effect of LFA on growth and yield. Before crop I was sown, LFA was applied at various doses with and without press mud (an organic waste from the sugar industry, used as an amendment and source of nutrients). LFA with and without press mud was also applied before crops III and V were cultivated. Chemical fertilizer, along with gypsum, humic acid, and biofertilizer, was applied in all treatments, including the control. With one-time and repeat applications of LFA (with and without press mud), yield increased significantly (7.0–89.0%) in relation to the control crop. The press mud enhanced the yield (3.0–15.0%) with different LFA applications. The highest yield LFA dose was 200 t/ha for one-time and repeat applications, the maximum yield being with crop III (combination treatment). One-time and repeat application of LFA (alone and in combination with press mud) improved soil quality and the nutrient content of the produce. The highest dose of LFA (200 t/ha) with and without press mud showed the best residual effects (eco-friendly increases in the yield of succeeding crops). Some increase in trace- and heavy-metal contents and in the level of γ-emitters in soil and crop produce, but well within permissible limits, was observed. Thus, LFA can be used on a large scale to boost soil fertility and productivity with no adverse effects on the soil or crops, which may solve the problem of bulk disposal of fly ash in an eco-friendly manner.     

Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on red mud

Use of red mud, which is a waste product from bauxite processing, has been explored as an alternate adsorbent for arsenic in this study. The tests showed that the alkaline aqueous medium (pH 9.5) favored the removal of As(III), whereas the pH range from 1.1 to 3.2 was effective for As(V) removal. The process of arsenic adsorption follows a first-order rate expression and obeys the Langmuir's model. It was found that the adsorption of As(III) was exothermic, whereas As(V) adsorption was endothermic. It would be advantageous to use this residue as an adsorbent replacing polyvalent metal salts.     

拜耳法赤泥的物化特性及污染防控措施研究

为较为全面掌握不同温度条件下拜耳法赤泥的基本物化特性,进而提出相应的污染防控措施。通过XRD、高温煅烧、微观结构扫描等试验手段,得到了该种赤泥在不同温度条件下的矿物组成、微观结构、水分赋存形式以及相应的矿物质演变规律。通过试验结果可知,拜耳法赤泥是一种高含水量、强持水性、低胀缩性的特殊土体,所含矿物质在高温条件下会产生明显的结晶现象。干燥拜耳法赤泥本身的污染性较小,可评价为II类一般固体废物。赤泥内所含水分与硅酸盐水泥水化产物中C-S-H凝胶中水分的存在状态大致相同,长期堆放过程中所产生的渗滤液是一种危害较大的污染物,可评价为危险性废弃物。针对这些研究结果,提出了初步的污染防控措施。     

我国赤泥环境管理现状分析

针对中国氧化铝行业日益严重的赤泥排放及堆存污染防治问题,本文简要介绍了国内赤泥产生、综合利用和堆存的环境管理现状,总结分析了目前赤泥环境管理存在的主要问题,进而提出了相应的对策建议。     

酸浸赤泥制备含碳聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂及其污泥脱水性能研究

以改性淀粉、拜尔法赤泥为原料,制备了含碳聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂(R-CSiAFS),研究其对污泥的脱水性能,并采用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重分析仪(TGA)对R-CSiAFS复合絮凝剂进行表征.结果表明,赤泥经硫酸前处理后,总铁(TFe)和Al~(3+)的浸出率分别为81.44%和96.83%.在(Al+Fe)/淀粉质量比为0.55/1,最佳pH=3.0,SiO_2质量分数为0.375%的条件下制得最优R-CSiAFS.利用此絮凝剂进行污泥脱水实验,当投加量为330 mg·L~(-1),污泥体系pH为7.0时,污泥比阻SRF降低了92.3%,沉降比SV30从90.0%降低到79.9%.