用监测资料确定滑坡滑动面的新方法

研究表明，滑坡位移斜率与滑坡滑动面形状有密切关系。在本文，笔者根据位移斜率提出了一种确定滑坡滑动面的新方法。     

论“限期治理”的法律性质

“限期治理”是我国环境保护法的一项基本制度,文章从四个方面详尽地阐述了“限期治理”决定不是一种行政处罚行为,即“限期治理”决定不具有行政处罚的一般特征;“限期治理”决定并并未对行政管理相对人的权利作任何否定;该决定不会影响行政管理相对人固有权利义务的消长;从“环保法”法典的篇章结构安排上和行政行为的性质上分析,“限期治理”决定也不是一种行政处罚行为。正确理解“限期治理”的法律性质,可以避免对企业行     

一种有效提高拉深成形性能的方法

提出了一种能有效减小拉深件最大厚度变薄量 ,提高拉深成形极限及拉深件质量的夹紧式拉深模具结构 ,并已用于实际生产中。叙述了该模具结构特点及其工作原理 ,对有关工艺参数的影响进行了实验研究 ,并对实验结果进行了分析。     

欧盟工业废水污染物排放限值的制定方法

依据欧盟委员会的IPPC指令和水框架指令，欧盟成员国目前在制定废水污染物排放限值时，都以最佳可得技术（BAT）为参考，同时运用反演的方法将污染物排放限值与环境质量标准相结合。阐述了欧盟国家制定废水污染物排放限值的“BAT法”和“质量标准反演法”，并举例分析了“质量标准反演法”。提出了我国借鉴欧盟方法的几点建议。     

裂隙地下水中残留LNAPL物理驱替冲洗实验

利用透明复制裂隙模型，选择两种典型LNAPL（轻非水相液体）-邻二甲苯和十二烷残留体，开展一系列水流驱替冲刷和SDS（十二烷基磺酸钠）表面活性剂增强驱替实验，直接获取了裂隙内部LNAPL残留体几何形状与分布情况，结果表明：水流驱替冲刷和SDS驱替裂隙内残留体的去除率分别为8.3%~12.3%和65.9%~82.1%.残留体累积去除率随着驱替流体雷诺数的增加而增加.水流驱替冲刷条件下，残留体离散为小液滴，数量比初始残留状态增加1.3~2.2倍.SDS表面活性剂降低了"LNAPL-水"间的界面张力，能够有效去除裂隙内较大残留体，驱替后仅残余单个面积为1mm²左右的微小液滴.由于粗糙裂隙的非均质性，水流冲刷易导致系统内的"LNAPL-水"有效界面面积增加，对LNAPL污染修复不利，表面活性剂增强修复是一种更有效的方法.     

华北山区温度推算模式和应用

利用华北山区气象站观测的温度与其所在纬度、经度和高度，分山区建立宏观地面气温场方程。采用１：２０万地形图，以１０＇经、纬度为步长，判读其高度值，代入已建立好的方程中，经地形项订正，推算华北山区年、月平均温度、年较差和ΣＴ＇≥１０℃，其精度达极显著水平。计算结果使我们对华北山区热量资源有了新的认识，最后求算华北山区的主要水果最优品质种植上限高度。     

关于提高挥发酚测定质量的探讨

探讨了在水样采集及分析测定过程中，如何保证分析结果的可靠性和准确性。     

Copulatory plugs do not assure high first male fertilisation success: sperm displacement in a lizard

Sperm competition selects for opposing male defensive and offensive reproductive traits, and its outcome may be determined by the effectiveness to which one trait has evolved to out-compete the other. We tested the effectiveness of a first male plug physical interference with a second male insemination (defence) vs the effectiveness of plug and associated sperm displacement by a second male (offence) on the outcome of sperm competition in Iberian rock lizards. We conducted a double mating experiment where we compared the proportion of eggs per clutch fertilised by the same second males (against the same first males) when they copulated with females 30 min (first male plug adhered firmly inside the female cloaca) and 4 h (first male plug loosely adhered or shed from the female cloaca) after first males. We found that second males fertilised the majority of the eggs per clutch in the 30-min treatment, whereas fertilisations were equally shared between the two males in the 4-h treatment. These results show that plugs have little defensive effectiveness, and thus, do not assure high first male fertilisation success. Instead, sperm displacement appears to be associated with plug displacement. That is, because sperm embedded in first male plugs, and displaced from competition for fertilisations by second males, is expected to increase in number with decreasing time allowed for female sperm transport, second males thus enjoy higher fertilisation success. This study shows that offensive plug displacement out-competes plug defensive role in Iberian rock lizards. Moreover, it reveals sperm displacement as a novel sperm competition mechanism in reptiles.     

Copulatory plug displacement and prolonged copulation in the Iberian rock lizard (Lacerta monticola)

Male Iberian rock lizards (Lacerta monticola) produce copulatory plugs that adhere firmly inside the female cloaca and occlude both oviducts. These plugs do not prevent rival male insemination, as they neither reduce female attractiveness or receptivity to rival males nor do they function as chastity belts. Prior to copulation, males bite various regions of the female body, including the cloacal region. A previous plug in the female cloaca is expelled only after rival male intromission. We hypothesized that: (1) such male pre-copulatory behaviours function to loosen plug adherence to the female cloaca, thereby facilitating intromission, and that (2) the hemipenis plays a role in displacing a previous plug prior to the delivery of a new plug. Neither of these hypotheses was supported. Instead, our results indicate that rival males can intromit the hemipenis past a previous plug in the female cloaca and deliver their own plug underneath it. Consequently, previous plugs are pushed away from the oviductal openings and even dislodged from the female cloaca. Copulation duration was determined both by the time used by males to deliver a plug and by the fact that males prolonged copulation beyond plug delivery. There seemed to be sexual conflict over prolonged copulation, which was resolved by the male/female head-length ratio. The adaptive value of Iberian rock lizard copulatory plugs and prolonged copulation in Iberian rock lizards is discussed in the context of sperm competition.Communicated by S. Downes     

深基坑边坡支护信息化施工技术研究

运用位移监控信息、土体平衡原理、护壁桩支撑设计原理指导深基坑支护适应基坑深度变大的难题,具有施工方便、经济、安全的、工期短等特点,为在闹市区深基坑支护施工提供了经验.图1,表1,参7.