自然资源特许经营权流转的法理基础与制度构建

自然资源特许经营权的流转有助于发挥市场在资源配置中的基础作用,通过价格杠杆和竞争引导自然资源的开发利用.基于自然资源特许经营权的用益物权属性,特许经营者享有流转决定自由、选择流转相对人自由及定价自由,国家可基于自然资源所有者和社会管理者的双重身份对特许经营权流转予以限制.我国矿业权、海域使用权、取水权、渔业权等自然资源特许经营权流转立法还存在较多法律障碍.直接转让、作价出资、证券化、出租、抵押等是特许经营权流转的基本形式,并且受到流转主体的资质、流转客体的适格和流转形式的要式等限制.     

A new approach to estimate nuclide ratios from measurements with activities close to background

Measurements of low-level radioactivity often give results of the order of the detection limit. For many applications, interest is not only in estimating activity concentrations of a single radioactive isotope, but focuses on multi-isotope analyses, which often enable inference on the source of the activity detected (e.g. from activity ratios). Obviously, such conclusions become questionable if the measurement merely gives a detection limit for a specific isotope. This is particularly relevant if the presence of an isotope, which shows a low signal only (e.g. due to a short half-life or a small transition probability), is crucial for gaining the information of interest.     

吹扫捕集/气相色谱/质谱法测定水体中54种常见挥发性有机物的研究

运用吹扫捕集/气相色谱/质谱(P＆T/GC/MS)法对水体中54种常见的挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了测定.结果表明,VOCs的色谱分离情况较好,平均加标回收率为88.5%～117.0%,相对标准偏差为0.71%～8.50%,准确度和精密度均符合有关分析测试的要求;方法检出限为0.10～0.61μg/L,远低于<地表水环境质量标准>(GB 3838-2002)、<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB3838-2002)及国外相关标准的限值;54种VOCs的线性范围不同,低沸点的VOCs线性范围较宽,高沸点的VOCs的线性范围较窄,因此在分析VOCs样品配制标准工作曲线时,应注意不同沸点VOCs的线性范围.     

边坡振动台模型实验动位移的加速度时程积分探讨

受数据采集条件限制,振动台模型实验的速度和动位移时程一般由实测加速度时程信号进行积分得到。通过理论分析和实验实测数据计算,认为动位移的频域积分法误差来源是低频截止频率的选取,特别当低频频率接近零时,传统二阶频域积分可产生较大的动位移低频振荡和峰值误差。提出利用时域与频域混合的方法,即频域-时域混合积分法,来克服积分过程带来的误差,其在对加速度两次积分中,分别进行一次频域积分和一次时域积分。地震模拟振动实验的台面实测加速度数据积分与台面动位移计实测数据的对比表明,较之传统的二阶频域积分,采用频域-时域混合积分时误差可明显减小。     

Using the 'protective environment' framework to analyse children's protection needs in Darfur

A major humanitarian concern during the continuing crisis in Darfur, Sudan, has been the protection of children, although there has been little in the way of comprehensive analysis to guide intervention. Founded on a situational analysis conducted between October 2005 and March 2006, this paper documents the significant threats to children's well-being directly linked to the political conflict. It demonstrates the role of non-conflict factors in exacerbating these dangers and in promoting additional protection violations, and it uses the 'protective environment' framework (UNICEF Sudan, 2006a) to identify systematic features of the current environment that put children at risk. This framework is shown to provide a coherent basis for assessment and planning, prompting broad, multidisciplinary analysis, concentrating on preventive and protective action, and fostering a systemic approach (rather than placing an undue focus on the discrete needs of 'vulnerable groups'). Constraints on its present utility in emergency settings are also noted.     

Health effects of relocation following disaster: a systematic review of the literature

This paper reviews the literature on the effects of post-disaster relocation on physical and mental heath, and develops a conceptual framework to guide future research. Forty articles were selected for full-text review and incorporation into the conceptual framework. Twenty-four articles were reviewed for results and methodology. These overwhelmingly tracked mental health outcomes. Only four (16 per cent) focused on physical health. Eight of ten showed an association between relocation and psychological morbidity. Certain outcomes (such as mortality, injury and cardiovascular disease risk factors) revealed inconsistent results, but these were rarely studied. Despite the frequency of post-disaster relocation and evidence of its effect on psychological morbidity, there is a relative paucity of studies; the few examples in the literature reveal weak study designs, inconsistent results, and inattention to physical health impacts and the challenges facing vulnerable populations. Further research guided by theory is needed to inform emergency preparedness and recovery policy.     

Ambient monitoring of asbestos in selected Italian living areas

This paper presents the results of an intensive monitoring activity of the particulate, fall-out and soil of selected living areas in Italy with the aim to detect the asbestos concentration in air and subsequent risk of exposure for the population in ambient living environments, and to assess the nature of the other mineral phases composing the particulate matrix. Some areas were sorted out because of the presence of asbestos containing materials on site whereas others were used as blank spots in the attempt to detect the background environmental concentration of asbestos in air. Because the concentration of asbestos in ambient environments is presumably very low, and it is well known that conventional low–medium flow sampling systems with filters of small diameter (25 mm) may collect only a very small fraction of particulate over a short period, for the first time here, an intense monitoring activity was conducted with a high flow sampling system. The high flow system requires the use of large cellulose filters with the advantage that, increasing the amount of collected dust, the probability to collect asbestos fibers increases. Both the protocol of monitoring and analysis are novel and prompted by the need to increase the sensitivity towards the small number of expected fibers. With this goal, the collection of fall-out samples (the particulate falling into a collector filled with distilled water during the monitoring shift) and soil samples was also accomplished. The analytical protocol of the matrix particulate included preliminary X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy and quantitative electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Correlations with climatic trends and PM10 concentration data were also attempted.The surprising outcome of this work is that, despite the nature of the investigated site, the amount of dispersed asbestos fibers is very low and invariably lower than the theoretical method detection limits of the SEM and TEM techniques for identification and counting of asbestos fibers. The results are compared to the literature data worldwide and an updated model for asbestos fibers dispersion in ambient environments is proposed.     

监测分析方法验证数据异常值的处理

以《固体废物痕量金属元素的测定电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法》编制说明(征求意见稿)中精密度数据为例,方法标准编制单位在处理方法验证数据时,应按照《GB/T 6379.2—2004》离群值剔除方法处理异常数据,避免重复性限r和再现性限R计算错误。     

环境监理在执法中行使环境监测的职责

阐述了在环境监理工作中正确行政环境监测的职责及权限的问题,并对环境监测与环境监理工作之间的关系进行了探讨。     

总有机碳测定仪TOC-5000A与Aurora 1030W性能的比较

从仪器精密度、方法检出限、准确度、工作曲线线性范围等角度对总有机碳测定仪TOC-5000A(高温燃烧+非分散红外法)与Aurora 1030W(湿式氧化)的性能进行比较.研究结果显示,TOC-5000A方法检出限(0.535ppm)高于Aurora1030W(0.047ppm),且在较低有机碳浓度下(1ppm)精密度差于Aurora 1030W.但在较高有机碳浓度条件下(10ppm),TOC-5000A精密度优于Aurora 1030W.在不同水样中加入标准物质后计算方法回收率,两台仪器的测试结果均大于90%.在样品量较低的情况下,碳加入量与两台仪器响应值的线性关系均较差,响应因子随碳加入量的增加呈现显著降低的趋势,并分别在升至2μg(Aurora 1030W)与0.16μg(TOC-5000A)后达到稳定.