城市雨水径流污染控制技术

城市雨水径流特别是初期雨水污染严重,是水体富营养化、水华以及海域赤潮等环境问题产生的根源之一.分析了径流污染产生的特点,概括了城市雨水径流污染控制的必要性,并着重论述了径流污染控制技术.     

金属矿山安全管理与信息化技术

信息化技术与传统产业的紧密结合,可实现传统产业快速发展.信息化技术对矿山安全也发挥了重要的作用.详细论述了金属非金属矿山的安全生产现状,矿山安全灾害种类和矿山安全信息化技术,指出信息化技术的应用是解决矿山安全问题的一个重要途径.     

铝盐絮凝剂及其环境效应

概述了铝盐絮凝剂的结构、形态分布及铝盐絮凝剂对环境所产生的一些不良影响,描述了铝盐絮凝剂对人体及各种生物体的毒性作用,同时,介绍了对污水后续处理的影响,并作了简要的评述。     

有机污染土壤异位直接热脱附装置节能降耗方案

以异位直接热脱附技术的原理、适用范围、工艺流程、优缺点等为基础,建立了输入、输出能量平衡关系式并进行了热平衡计算;针对该工艺能耗过高的问题,分析了系统各部分能耗,提出了节能降耗方案。通过烟气热回用装置,将二燃室后高温烟气余热能量经循环管道输送给土壤预干燥装置,将有机污染土壤含水率降低,从而减少系统总能耗。结果表明：经过热力计算,土壤水分预干燥量越大,系统节能效果越好;烟气余热足够用于土壤预干燥减少17%左右土壤水分的要求。通过土壤预干燥装置将土壤水分从20%降低到15%,可使直接热脱附装置降低能耗20%以上。     

永磁磁轨制动技术在轨道交通中的应用

介绍国外永磁制动技术在轨道交通中的应用情况;阐述旋转型永磁制动器和直线型永磁制动器的结构和工作原理;对永磁磁轨制动安装方式、控制方法、联合制动模式进行探讨。介绍了直线型永磁制动器的3种磁化形式:Halbach磁化、水平磁化和垂直磁化;运用准静态磁场分析方法,得出了各部分的磁场分布控制方程,矢量磁势A、磁感应强度B和涡流损耗的分布;从而得出了制动力的计算方法。实践证明永磁磁轨制动技术在轨道交通有着广阔的应用前景。     

On the hydro-dispersive equivalence between multi-layered mineral barriers

In the context of municipal solid waste and hazardous waste disposal, the notion of "equivalence" between different barrier designs appears in regulatory documents from several industrialized countries. While in the past, equivalence has been thought of mainly in terms of contaminant travel times, in recent years it has been defined more in terms of the magnitude of a disposal site's potential impact on groundwater resources. This paper presents some original analytical solutions to the problem of contaminant migration through a multi-layered mineral barrier. The solutions account for the two major mechanisms of subsurface contaminant migration, namely, advection and diffusion-dispersion. An example application using the proposed solutions and a numerical model illustrates how one multi-layered mineral barrier can be considered superior to another from a strictly hydro-dispersive viewpoint. The influence of partial saturation of the mineral barrier is investigated using a numerical solution to the Richards equation for unsaturated flow. It is emphasized that conclusions relative to the superiority of one multi-layered barrier, with respect to another, should not only consider hydro-dispersive aspects, but also other processes such as the mechanical and chemical evolutions of the different barrier components. Although such phenomena are poorly addressed by existing models, failure to take them into account, at least in a qualitative fashion, may lead to unconservative conclusions with respect to barrier equivalence.     

中国南方某城市自来水厂处理工艺对多环芳烃的去除效果研究

讨论了中国南方某城市自来水厂饮用水中的多环芳烃残留规律以及现有净水工艺对多环芳烃的去除效果。研究结果表明,该自来水厂饮用水中检出多环芳烃以2~4环芳烃为主,强致癌性高环数多环芳烃均在检出限以下,且多环芳烃总量未超出中国供水行业标准(2000年)的相关限值。各处理工艺段中,砂滤过程对多环芳烃的去除效果最好,相较于原水对多环芳烃总量的去除率可达64%。     

宁波市城市污水处理厂污泥处置方案探讨

随着城市污水处理率提高导致的污水污泥产量的增长趋势也使得污水污泥的处理问题更为突出。在总结国内外城市污泥处置技术发展趋势的基础上,结合宁波市的实际情况,根据无害化、减量化和资源化的原则,提出城市污泥近远期处置方案,并对处置方案作出可行性分析。     

放射性废物处置库顶盖毛细屏障的研究进展

放射性废物处置库工程屏障的设计对处置库中放射性废物的长期安全具有重要意义.毛细屏障作为处置库顶盖的工程屏障之一,已在国内外得到广泛的应用.阐述了放射性废物处置库顶盖毛细屏障设置的意义,对近年来毛细屏障的一些研究进展进行了分析,提出了一些尚待解决的问题.     

A new tracer technique for monitoring groundwater fluxes: the Finite Volume Point Dilution Method

Quantification of pollutant mass fluxes is essential for assessing the impact of contaminated sites on their surrounding environment, particularly on adjacent surface water bodies. In this context, it is essential to quantify but also to be able to monitor the variations with time of Darcy fluxes in relation with changes in hydrogeological conditions and groundwater - surface water interactions. A new tracer technique is proposed that generalizes the single-well point dilution method to the case of finite volumes of tracer fluid and water flush. It is called the Finite Volume Point Dilution Method (FVPDM). It is based on an analytical solution derived from a mathematical model proposed recently to accurately model tracer injection into a well. Using a non-dimensional formulation of the analytical solution, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the concentration evolution in the injection well, according to tracer injection conditions and well-aquifer interactions. Based on this analysis, optimised field techniques and interpretation methods are proposed. The new tracer technique is easier to implement in the field than the classical point dilution method while it further allows monitoring temporal changes of the magnitude of estimated Darcy fluxes, which is not the case for the former technique. The new technique was applied to two experimental sites with contrasting objectives, geological and hydrogeological conditions, and field equipment facilities. In both cases, field tracer concentrations monitored in the injection wells were used to fit the calculated modelled concentrations by adjusting the apparent Darcy flux crossing the well screens. Modelling results are very satisfactory and indicate that the methodology is efficient and accurate, with a wide range of potential applications in different environments and experimental conditions, including the monitoring with time of changes in Darcy fluxes.