IBIS改进及其多尺度流域分布式生态水文模拟

针对集成生物圈模拟器IBIS未考虑高分辨率模拟情况下地表起伏对太阳辐射等参数影响的特点,改进了IBIS的地表太阳辐射计算模块、日气象数据读取模块,并增加了坡度、坡向数据读取模块。在土地利用覆被数据、DEM、坡度、坡向和降水、气温、云量、湿度、风速等气象数据的支持下,利用改进的IBIS分别对泾河及其子流域在0.041 5°和0.001°空间尺度上的生态水文过程进行了模拟,并用二源遥感估算的蒸散发对模拟结果进行了空间比较分析。结果表明,改进的IBIS在日、月、年不同时间尺度和不同空间尺度上均具有很好的模拟适应性与模拟能力,模拟蒸散发与二源遥感估算蒸散发结果比较一致,总体空间分布形态和趋势具有相似特征。     

建模与仿真中大气环境的表示与交换

大气环境的表示与交换是大气环境建模与仿真的核心内容之一。从数据交换机制的角度,比较了“点对点”和基于SEDRIS的大气环境表示与交换,设计了一种用于分布式仿真平台且具有较强拓展性和可重用性的大气环境表示和交换方法。     

基于ARDL方法的江苏省资源利用与经济增长

资源利用与经济增长间的关系是资源与环境经济学研究的重要领域.目前国内外研究主要集中于探讨能源消费与经济增长间的因果关系,而未对区域资源总体投入与经济产出的关系开展实证研究.以江苏省为例,首次尝试运用物质流分析法以及最新发展的自回归分布滞后模型(ARDL),对江苏省1990—2007年资源利用和实际GDP的因果关系进行检验和分析.采用了物质流分析指标中直接物质投入来表征区域资源利用量.ARDL边界检验结果表明,资源利用和经济增长间存在稳定的长期均衡关系.进一步因果检验表明,二者间存在着从资源利用到经济增长的单向格兰杰因果关系,反映出资源投入在一定程度上拉动了江苏经济增长.同时,对江苏省经济增长和资源保护战略提出了政策建议.      

Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental policy framework

In this study, China’s current macro-environmental policies as well as their implementation and management tools are analyzed. By using the basic economic methodology, detailed studies are conducted focusing on the implementation effect of contemporary China’s typical environmental policy of the total pollutant discharge quantity control type, and also the two types of environmental management tools are compared from the perspective of implementation costs and policy uncertainty. By introduction of distributed management tools into the implementation of environmental policies, market-oriented means and the methods of economic analysis are introduced into environmental policy decision-making mechanisms, which could afford a new method for changing the current relatively low efficiency of environmental policy, solving the problem of “government failure” in environmental policy implementation, and providing a new way to make environmental policy system more flexible and more efficient. It is of great practical significance to solve China's current structural, complex and accumulative environmental problems.     

Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JLAFB）, was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed （AFB） reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids （VFA） in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/（m^3.d）, the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.     

Securing our energy future: three international perspectives on microgrids and distributed renewables as a path toward resilient communities

ABSTRACT

This paper will examine three diverse microgrid cases in the US, Canada, and the European Union. The paper will explore how microgrids can help build resilient communities, facilitate distributed renewable energy, and ultimately lead to a secure energy future. The cases will include both urban and remote settings and compare the social, legal, and policy lessons learned from these cases to advance microgrid policy for long-term community resilience.     

基于BOTDR的预制桩应变-温度联合测试方法研究

提出了一种可以实现分布式应变-温度联合测试的方法,采用特殊封装的方法改变传感光缆的频移系数,用于空间差异式分布的温度补偿。通过预制桩浸水试验对该方法的有效性进行验证,采用该方法对监测数据进行温度补偿,对应变、温度沿桩身的分布规律以及随时间的变化规律进行了分析。研究表明:该应变-温度联合测试方法能够较好地解决温度在空间上差异式分布时的温度补偿问题;预制桩浸水试验中,水下渗导致的桩身温度变化较大,应变和温度2个因素对传感光缆上各点频移变化量的贡献比例关系较为复杂。     

热电冷联供系统在海上平台的应用

文章介绍热电冷联供系统的设备组成及其设计注意事项;介绍以燃气轮机为发电机组的热电冷联供系统案例。在热电冷联供系统中配置溴化锂吸收式制冷机,可充分发挥其利用低品位能源的优势;设计热电冷联供系统前,应进行必要的经济性分析,合理确定设备配置方案和配置容量;以燃气轮机发电机组和烟气型溴化锂吸收式冷热水机组为主要设备组成的热电冷联供系统,烟气系统的设计和安装连接是关键。文章可为燃气轮机热电冷联供系统的设计和建造提供技术参考。     

分布式光纤在栈桥监测中的应用分析

为解决传统监测方法在大型基坑支撑结构监测中难度大、效率低、误差大等问题,提出利用分布式传感监测技术对太原火车站调蓄池桁架支撑体系栈桥应力、应变进行监测。基于布里渊光时域反射技术(BOTDR)的测量原理和优点,设计应用一套分布式栈桥监测系统,对栈桥扰动下测试和长期变形监测。结果表明,基于BOTDR技术的栈桥分布式光纤监测系统能够准确地反映支撑体系中栈桥的变形情况,具有显著优势,可满足栈桥变形长期监测和早期安全预警。     

集散控制系统作业安全人机环工程研究

为了解集散控制系统作业安全人机环工程中存在的匹配情况,采用自制《集散控制系统作业安全人机环工程》调查表,对某石化企业390名DCS作业人员进行了问卷调查。结果85．5％的操作者认为操作室的空气不新鲜,57．4％的操作者认为DCS操作系统的性能不够完善,55．3％的操作者认为DCS操作劳动强度大,90．5％的操作者认为DCS显示屏产生直接眩光,87．2％的操作者认为下肢活动空间过小,85．2％的操作者认为下肢活动深度过浅,72．7％操作者认为下肢活动高度过低,56．6％的操作者认为装置区的噪声对控制室有影响。由此得出结论,集散控制系统在人-机-环诸方面不同程度的存在失配。