准市场条件下的水权交易双层动态博弈定价机制实证研究

在经济新常态背景下,水资源的准公共产品特征具有更加重要的管理价值,如何依托市场与行政的两手发力,提升我国水资源管理水平,更好地服务于"两个百年"奋斗目标,具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。水权交易制度是利用市场与行政手段提高水资源利用率,解决人水冲突的重要技术手段,如何在准市场条件下构建符合我国国情的水权交易定价机制已成为实现水权交易制度的核心技术。因此,针对政府-企业-公众等多利益相关者参与下的水权交易定价问题,本文引入生态经济学理论构建了水权价值测度模型,进而引入合作博弈理论,构建了准市场条件下的水权交易双层动态博弈定价模型,主要包括买方政府和卖方政府的微分博弈模型,以及买方政府与水务公司的Nash-Bargaining合作定价模型,运用HJB条件求解多利益相关者合作框架下的水权交易均衡水价空间,进而以江西省萍乡市水权交易实践为例开展实证研究,结果表明:均衡水价主要受上级政府协调能力k、水量需求系数β影响,且均为正相关,针对萍乡实践而言,由于水量需求主要体现在中长期发展规划阶段,上级政府协调能力显著性强于水量需求系数;均衡水价随着上级政府协调能力k值增大呈现由快转慢再转快的趋势,整体服从逻辑函数分布,均衡水价随着水量需求系数β的增大呈现由快转慢趋势,整体服从对数函数分布,针对萍乡实践而言,水权交易中市场与行政力量的两手发力存在稳定状态,二者缺一不可;随着议价能力系数提高,Nash-Bargaining的水权交易价格随之升高,表明政府与公司之间的合作关系对水价具有直接的影响能力。     

Rapid determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration

A rapid, simple and sensitive method was demonstrated for the determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration. With the presence of sulfuric acid, phenol could be transferred into a nitroso-compound by reacting with NaNO2. The titration end-point was obtained by the formation of a sharp cut in the oscillopolarographic with infinitesimal NaNO2 on double platinum electrodes. The results showed that phenol concentration had an excellent linear relationship over the range of 4.82×10-6-9.65×10-3 mol/L, the RSD of the proposed method was lower than 1.5%, and the spiked recoveries of three real water samples were in the range of 95.6%-106.9%.     

基于双剪屈服条件的输油管道腐蚀剩余强度可靠性研究

提出基于双剪屈服塑性极限条件的管道可靠性爆破压力可靠度模型,在基于剩余强度可靠性理论基础上,着重分析随机参数,即腐蚀深度、腐蚀长度和运行压力的分布情况,通过经典可靠性计算方法、JC法将非正态分布转化成标准正态分布,从而建立起基于双剪屈服条件的管道腐蚀可靠性计算模型。通过提取现场实验数据进行验算,其结果表明:双剪屈服强度理论算得的爆破压力更接近实验结果,该方法降低API579的保守性,大大提高了可靠性的计算精度。     

Can natural behavior be cultivated? The farm as local human/animal culture

Although the notion of natural behavior occurs in many policy-making and legal documents on animal welfare, no consensus has been reached concerning its definition. This paper argues that one reason why the notion resists unanimously accepted definition is that natural behavior is not properly a biological concept, although it aspires to be one, but rather a philosophical tendency to perceive animal behavior in accordance with certain dichotomies between nature and culture, animal and human, original orders and invented artifacts. The paper scrutinizes the philosophy of natural behavior as it developed in the organic movement in response to a perceived contrast between industrialized and traditional agriculture. There are two reasons for focusing on the organic movement: (i) the emphasis on “the natural” is most accentuated there and has a long history, (ii) everyday life on organic farms presupposes human/animal interplay, which conflicts with the philosophical tendency to separate nature from culture. This mismatch between theory and practice helps us see why, and how, the philosophy of natural behavior needs to be reconsidered. The paper proposes that we understand farms as local human/animal cultures, and asks what we can mean my natural behavior in such contexts. Since domestic animals adapt to agricultural environments via interaction with caretakers, such interplay is analyzed as “hub” in these animals’ natural behavior.     

双套管长距离干灰输送系统在330 MW机组上的应用

介绍了国电电力建设研究所的双套管输送干灰技术在国电谏壁发电厂330 MW机组第一电场长距离干输灰中的应用,重点介绍了系统设计、安装、调试和运行,以及系统性能测试情况.     

混碱调控剩余污泥碱性发酵实现LDHs高效提取短链脂肪酸

氢氧化钙调控剩余污泥碱性发酵,可有效提高发酵液原位合成层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)提取短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的效率.本文拟利用氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠混碱调控剩余污泥碱性发酵,提高发酵过程SCFAs产量,进一步提高SCFAs提取效率.通过配置不同氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙混合比例的碱液,用于调控剩余污泥碱性发酵实验,发现混碱比例为25∶75时,可避免钙离子对污泥水解产酸影响,发酵液中SCFAs浓度达到6581.4 mg·L~(-1)(以每COD计,下同),是空白对照组(4179.4 mg·L~(-1))的1.6倍.同时,碱液提供的钙离子可将污泥发酵过程释放的无机阴离子去除,CO■、PO■浓度分别低至3.7 mmol·L~(-1)和0.5 mg·L~(-1).利用氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙调控剩余污泥进行混碱厌氧发酵,可有效提高SCFAs的产量,消除主要无机阴离子对发酵液原位合成层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)提取SCFAs的干扰,合成的LDHs中SCFAs的含量为52.3 mg·g~(-1) LDHs,是空白组(18.9 mg·g~(-1)LDHs)的2.8倍.     

济南市典型机动车的尾气颗粒物污染特征与影响因素研究

采用便携式仪器,借鉴双怠速尾气检测法,利用自行设计的尾气采样装置,选择济南市区道路上10辆不同类型的机动车,现场测量尾气颗粒物的质量浓度和数浓度.基于实验数据,分析了机动车尾气颗粒物污染特征,深入探索了影响尾气颗粒物浓度的主要因素,提出了相应的对策建议.结果表明:①怠速工况下机动车尾气中PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度、PM_(0.01～1)数浓度较低,平均分别为0.035～1.434和0.049～3.669 mg·m~(-3)、(0.95～21.69)×10~4 cm~(-3);高怠速工况下颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度较高, PM_(2.5)质量浓度为0.350～5.132 mg·m~(-3),最大值来自大型柴油货车8.394 mg·m~(-3); PM_(10)质量浓度高达1.708～7.862 mg·m~(-3),最大值来自大型柴油客车8.672 mg·m~(-3); PM_(0.01～1)数浓度为(6.78～40.68)×10~4 cm~(-3).②随着发动机转速和车型增大、排放标准降低,机动车尾气中颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度明显升高.与怠速工况相比,高怠速工况下的PM_(2.5)质量浓度升高3～44倍, PM_(0.01～1)数浓度升高2～33倍.与小型车相比,中、大型车的PM_(2.5)质量浓度升高约5倍, PM_(0.01～1)数浓度升高约2倍.使用92号汽油排放的颗粒物质量浓度与数浓度约为95号汽油车的2倍,柴油车排放的颗粒物浓度高于汽油车.国III标准的汽油车尾气颗粒物的质量浓度与数浓度约是国IV和国V标准的2～4倍.③提高机动车排放标准和燃油品质,减少在实际道路行驶中突然加速或启动等高怠速工况的瞬态变化,加强对中、大型车尤其是大型柴油车的监管,能够一定程度上减轻机动车尾气颗粒物污染.     

一种求解地下结构顶板频率和振型的方法

采用欧拉梁横向自由振动理论,发展了一种求解浅埋地下结构顶板频率和振型的方法.鉴于地下结构顶板频率求解问题的复杂性,首先将该问题假定为平面应变问题求解,推导出浅埋地下结构顶板梁的自由振动方程;然后根据顶板梁的边界条件,得到了顶板梁的频率方程,从而得出了顶板梁的频率和振型;进一步得出了墙体转动刚度对顶板频率影响的规律,即转...