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41.
针对在工业生产中具有广泛应用的板料拉深成形,总结了纳米润滑添加剂在板料拉深成形中的应用以及摩擦学特点,指出纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂具有广阔的应用前景,并提出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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全球车用汽油与中国无铅汽油指标的比较 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了1998年12月公众的全球燃油宪章中所确定的车用汽油分类指标和指标制定的技术背景,并将中国现有无铅汽油指标与其进行了对比分析,结果表明,中国目前的无铅汽油指标在指示在项数和限值严格程度上都与全球车用汽车油指标在一定的差距。 相似文献
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Pilot study on the contamination of drinking water by organotin compounds from PVC materials 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Raw and treated water samples and tap water samples from four to six houses located on distribution lines where PVC pipe/tubing had been recently installed were collected in five Canadian municipalities for the analysis of organotin compounds. After derivatisation with sodium tetraethylborate the ethylated organotin compounds were extracted with hexane and analysed by gas chromatography-microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry using a wavelength (326.234 nm) specific for tin. Organotin compounds, mainly methyltin and dimethyltin at concentrations ranging respectively from 0.5 to 257 ng Sn/L and from 0.5 to 6.5 ng Sn/L, were detected in samples from ten of the twenty-two houses. No organotin compounds were detected in raw water or treated water leaving the treatment plant, indicating that the organotin compounds were leaching into the water from some component of the distribution system. 相似文献
45.
工(产)业园区内企业在紧急情况下排放的污水中,有毒物质会影响污水处理厂活性污泥微生物的活性,甚至导致微生物的死亡.基于此,利用CASS工艺的特点检验微生物系统抗冲击毒性的能力,通过不同的配比浓度调整试验水样中Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的质量浓度,监测CASS系统进出水的Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、COD_(cr)指标,用以判断微生物系统是否受到影响,进而确定CASS微生物系统抗毒性冲击的临界点.结果表明:Cu~(2+)质量浓度小于3.0 mg·L~(-1),Ni~(2+)质量浓度小于5.0 mg·L~(-1),时,CASS 工艺微生物抵抗含Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)锻造添加剂废水的毒性能力较强,对Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、COD_(cr)的去除率均可以达到80%;当Cu~(2+)质量浓度大于3.0 mg·L~(-1),Ni~(2+)质量浓度大于5.0mg·L~(-1)时,CASS工艺微生物对毒性抵抗能力显著降低,活性受到严重破坏,对CU~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、COD_(cr)去除率下降至60%以下.所以可以确定CASS工艺微生物抵抗含Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)锻造添加剂废水毒性的最高质量浓度限值,Cu~(2+)为3.0 mg·L~(-1),Ni~(2+)为5.0mg·L~(-1).为污水处理厂实际运行工程中避免活性污泥微生物系统受毒性冲击而导致运行瘫痪提供参考依据. 相似文献
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Chung‐Min Liao Dwaine S. Bundy 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1219-1249
Abstract A bacteria additives treatment experiment in assessing the changes in gaseous mass transfer from stored swine manure is presented. The experiment is tested for ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide emission data sampled from pilot swine manure columns and analyzed by GC/MS. The result shows that bacteria additives slightly reduce the methane and carbon dioxide releases, while the same additives do not show any effect on the reduction of ammonia. The hydrogen sulfide contents of stored swine manure continued to be low. Gas concentrations emitted from treated and untreated stored swine manure were: 3.76 and 2.2 ppm for methane, 0.35 and 0.11 ppm for ammonia, and 1000 and 470 ppm for carbon dioxide, respectively. A simple model to estimate gas emission rates is also developed from the viewpoint of two‐film resistance theory. The average emission rates calculated from the model for methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide are respectively: 0.01, 0.0005, and 13.98 g/min from untreated stored manure; while 0.07, 0.096, and 0.55 g/min from treated manure. The emission model also indicates that for most gaseous pollutants of environmental concern, liquid phase transfer coefficient controls the rate of volatile compounds emitted from stored swine manure and gas phase transfer coefficient has insignificant effect in the calculation of overall mass transfer coefficient. 相似文献
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Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are persistent organic pollutants now ubiquitous in the environment. Technical HBCD mixtures and with it flame-proofed polystyrenes (FP-PS) also contain isobutoxypentabromocyclododecanes (iBPBCDs) as minor constituents, which are possibly released together with HBCDs. So far, eight diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers named as α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ?-, ξ-, η-, and θ-iBPBCDs with proportions of 10%, 5%, 2%, 21%, 11%, 11%, 12% and 28% were found in technical HBCD. Herein the crystal structure of racemic δ-iBPBCD, the second most prominent diastereomer, is presented and assigned to (1S)-1-isobutoxy-(2R,5R,6S,9S,10S)-2,5,6,9,10-pentabromocyclododecane and its enantiomer. During thermal treatment of FP-PS, e.g. the production of extruded polystyrenes (XPS), proportions of δ-iBPBCDs decrease and those of other stereoisomers increase. Evidence was found that δ-iBPBCDs isomerize stereo- and regioselectively to β-iBPBCDs. Based on structural and kinetic data, a transformation mechanism was proposed. Apparent first-order rate constants (kiso) of 0.0019, 0.0050, and 0.012 min−1 are found for the δ- to β-iBPBCD isomerization at 120, 130, and 140 °C, respectively, corresponding to half-lives of 360, 140, and 56 min. These transformations also occur during the production of XPS, which predominantly contain β-iBPBCDs, whereas δ-iBPBCDs dominate in materials experiencing lower thermal stress, e.g. expanded polystyrenes (EPS). The relative configurations of δ- and θ-iBPBCDs are TtCtCt, like the one of γ-HBCDs. γ-HBCDs are the kinetically and α-HBCDs with a TcCtCc configuration the thermodynamically favored products. In analogy, β-iBPBCDs are assumed to have a TcCtCc configuration like α-HBCDs because they are formed from δ-iBPBCDs under thermodynamic control. In conclusion, HBCD- and iBPBCD-patterns in flame-proofed polystyrenes vary substantially, reflecting the thermal stress these materials have experienced. When released to the environment, these patterns might further change, as observed for HBCDs. 相似文献
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全Pd三效催化剂研究涂层材料的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
制备了作为Pd三效催化剂涂层材料组成的活性Al2O3/金属氧化物添加剂试样,用BET法、XRD法及H2-TPR法对这些涂层原材料体系进行表征。结果表明:金属氧化物添加剂提高了活性Al2O3的热稳定性;添加ZrO2改善了CeO2的热稳定性;与含Ca的试样不同,含La试样没有贮氧能力。用含有Al2O3-CeO2/ZrO2和Al2O3-La2O3/BaO的涂层材料制备的Pd催化剂有好的CO,HC和NOx同时净化的三效性能和低的起燃活性。加入0.003%(V/V)SO2降低了催化剂活性,含La2O3/BaO涂层材料的Pd催化剂上NOx反应易被SO2中毒。 相似文献
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