基于变权欧式距离模型的大气环境变化趋势分析

2008年以来德化县在城区推动陶瓷企业使用清洁能源,淘汰了污染较严重的燃料。本文通过建立变权欧式距离模型,分析德化县2005年至2009年改用清洁能源前后城区环境空气变化趋势。变权欧式距离模型评价结果表明,这5年的德化县城区大气环境质量较好,PM10是城区大气环境的主要污染物。自2008年德化县城区陶瓷企业改用清洁能源后,PM10的权重系数略有降低,大气环境质量级别R也变小,城区大气环境质量得到改善。     

珠江三角洲地区水环境承载力评价及障碍因素研究

为深入了解珠江三角洲(简称珠三角)地区水环境承载力发展状况,更好地推进生态文明建设,从社会经济、水生态环境、水资源3个子系统中选取19项指标构成水环境承载力评价指标体系,运用熵权法和障碍度模型对2015年珠三角地区9个城市的水环境承载力和障碍指标进行评价分析。结果表明:水环境承载力综合评价指数平均值为0.507,整体表现适中,但区域性差异显著,深圳、珠海和广州表现最好,佛山、东莞和江门相对较差;从指标障碍度分析来看,人均水资源量以9.9%的障碍度均值成为全地区水环境承载力的首要障碍指标,各子系统障碍度也存在不同程度的空间分异性。根据珠三角地区经济发展特点提出了提高其水环境承载力的建议。     

基于博弈论-模糊物元的地下水环境健康评价模型构建及应用

在分析现有地下水环境健康状态评价模型缺陷的基础上,基于可拓学原理,通过信息熵法确定客观权重,层次分析法确定主观权重,结合非对称贴近度方法改进最大隶属度原则及博弈论组合赋权思想得出综合权重,构建了基于博弈论和模糊物元的地下水环境健康状态评价模型,并选取黄河流域4个地区对模型的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,该模型适用于具有模糊性、不确性与多目标的地下水环境健康状态评价,能较好地避免因权重赋值的片面性造成的评价结果偏差问题,其评价结果同时反映了地下水环境健康等级与发展趋势。     

基于熵权的巢湖水生态健康模糊综合评价

在对巢湖水生态状况深入调查研究的基础上,确立了湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系,确定了各指标健康等级的阙值范围,建立了基于熵权的湖库水生态健康模糊综合评价模型。并选取1980年巢湖的水质和水生态数据作为本底值。运用熵权法对2000～2005年整个湖泊生态系统的健康状况进行了客观评价,结果表明2004—2005年巢湖水生态系统均处于较差健康状态。本方法的计算结果表明采用熵权综合健康指数法对其进行生态系统健康评价具有很好的可靠性和实用性。最后根据实际提出了湖库水生态安全综合管理对策。     

Objectives of public economic policy and the adaptation to climate change

Much can be learned about adaptation by applying structures and methodologies already used in other research fields. This study employs a public economic policy approach to investigate how – or if at all – adaptation should be supported by the public sector. Three different fields of adaptation activity are identified which are especially relevant for government intervention and the study proposes ways in which government intervention could be conducted. The analysis takes into account that developing regions are particularly vulnerable and they have insufficient funds to adequately adapt to climate change.     

模糊证据权法在西藏一江两河流域耕地适宜性评价中的应用

开展耕地适宜性评价是编制农业发展规划、优化耕地资源配置的基础性工作。文章以西藏一江两河流域18 个县的耕地资源为评价对象,将模糊证据权模型引入到耕地适宜性评价中,通过该方法筛选出地形地貌、气候、土壤和水资源状况等4 个方面的9 个因子作为证据图层,并计算因子图层的模糊证据权重,最后综合各因子图层的证据权重参数得出后验概率并修正形成耕地适宜性分布图。结果表明：①80.83%的适宜样本点处于修正后验概率分级图的中等适宜级别及以上,即已知信息体现出较高的吻合性,表明模糊证据权模型能够科学、有效地评价耕地资源的适宜性;②集知识驱动与数据驱动一体化的模糊证据权模型既能够充分发挥先验知识、客观规律的作用,也可以通过隶属度函数增加知识干预,有效利用专家的丰富经验,在一定程度上克服了知识驱动方法中因子筛选和权重确定主观性强或纯粹数据驱动方法的不足;③研究区21.32×10⁴hm²的耕地资源中,高度适宜、中度适宜、一般适宜和不适宜的耕地资源分别占32.03%、31.94%、27.19%和8.84%,对应其空间分布情况,可以优化耕地资源规模与布局,指导高原耕地区农业生产实践,促进耕地资源的合理利用。     

基于熵权物元可拓模型的福州市环境综合质量评价

本文针对城市环境总体质量评价的特点,采用物元可拓理论和熵权法构建了城市环境总体质量综合评判模型,并对福州市环境总体质量进行了评价,结果表明福州市2008年的环境综合质量状况良好.     

东江水源水中有机物分子量分布特征研究

采用超滤膜法考察了东江水源水中有机物分子量分布特点,研究了东江泄洪和不泄洪水源水中有机物分子量分布的变化特征。结果表明,东江水源水在不泄洪期间水源水中的溶解性有机物主要为小分子量的有机物。而在泄洪期间,东江水源水中溶解性有机物主要为大分子量的有机物。UV254的分布和有机物分子量分布一致,DOC与UV254具有良好的相关性。泄洪期间水源水中SUVA值小于3,水体中有机物很难通过常规混凝工艺去除,此结果与水厂的实际运行情况相吻合。     

A review of environmental characteristics and effects of low-molecular weight organic acids in the surface ecosystem

Low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） are prevalent on the earth＇s surface. They are vital intermediate products during metabolic pathways of organic matter and participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle during life activities. Photochemical reactions are pivotal for LMWOAs＇ origination and play a large role in determining their diversity and their ultimate fate. Within the long time that organic matter is preserved in sediments, it can be decomposed and converted to release organic and inorganic pollutants as well as C, N, and P nutrients, which are of potential ecological risk in causing secondary pollution to lake water. The sediment pool is a comprehensive and complex compartment closely associated with overlying water by various biochemical processes, during which LMWOAs play critical roles to transport and transform elements. This article elucidates geochemical behaviors of LMWOAs in the surface environment in details, taking natural water, soil, and aerosol as examples, focusing on reviewing research developments on sources and characteristics, migration and mineralization of LMWOAs and relevant environmental effects. Simultaneously, this review article depicts the categories and contents of LMWOAs or their contribution to DOC in environmental media, and evaluates their importance during organic matter early diagenesis. Through concluding and discussing the conversion mechanisms and influencing factors, the next research orientations on LMWOAs in lake ecosystems are determined, mainly concerning relationships with hydrochemical parameters and microorganisms, and interactions with pollutants. This will enrich the knowledge on organic matter degradation and related environmental effects, and help reconstruct a theoretical framework for organic compound succession and influencing factors, providing basic data for lake eutrophication and ecological risk assessment, conducive to better control over water pollution and proper management of water quality.